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Stack #127004

clindamycin, metronidazole, ampicillins, amoxicillin

QuestionAnswer
Ampicillin-spectrum gram + cocci (Haemophilus influenzae) and entococci (E. coli & Salmonella); used alone or w/ probenecid for gonococcal infections
Amoxicillin:why preferred produces higher blood levels, better absorbed, less frequent dosing, drug of choice premed
Amoxicillin-spectrum upper resp tract infections (H. influenzae), UTI (E.coli) meningitis (H.influenzae), Otitis media in children
ampicillin most likely to produce a rash of all pcn's, more common in people w/ mono, seen in patients taking allopurinol.
carbenecillin wider spectrum of action than pcn g; special activity against P. aeruginosa: gram- anaerobic rod (blood, lung or burn infections) and some strains of Proteus (g- flagellated bacillae) and E.coli
carbenecillin TREATS SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS
Clindamycin spectrum very active against several anaerobes, g+ mo's and anaerobic Bacteriodes species
clindamycin can cause pseudomembranous colitis
clindamycin moa interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis
clindamycin Bacterial resistance acts in a slower manner. Occuring by mutations in the bacterial ribosomes that decrease in the binding capacity of the drug.
cross resistance between clindamycin and erythromycin is often seen-they are antagonists
clindamycin:adverse effects GI, pseudomembranous colitis, suprainfection of candida albicans, oral allergic reatctions include GLOSSITIS and STOMATITIS (oral mucosa inflammation) edema and serum sickness
metronidazole aka Flagyl
metronidazole: spectrum BACTERIOCIDAL: action against most anaerobes ie. Bacterioides, fusobacterium, veillonella, treponema, clostridium, peptococcus, campyloacter adn peptostreptococcus: includes protozoa Tricomonas vaginalis and E. Histolytica
metronidazole: moa cytotoxic to bacterial cells, freely enters cells and prevents DNA synthesis leading to death of mo. Also has some antiinflammatory effects
metronidazole: pharmacokinetics well absorbed orally, somewhat concentrated in gingival crevicular fluid, producing concentrations that are bacteriocidal for periodontal pathogens
metronidazole: distribution saliva, spinal fluid, and breast milk in concentrations approximating that of the serum
metronidazole: oral effects xerostomia, metallic taste, altered taste of alcohol (sometimes used to treat alcoholics) glossitis, stomitis, black furred tongue
metronizole: drug interactions alcohol, phenobarbital and phenytoin (Dilantin)
metronidazole: uses dental many perio infections b/c of anaerobic efficacy NO ACTION AGAINST AA: combo w/ amoxicillin to treat juvenile and refractory perio
Created by: jfgwinn
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