Test Review
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| functions of muscular system | movement, posture, & heat production
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| point of attachment that doesnt move | origin
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| three types of muscle tissue | skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
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| point of attachment that does move w/ contraction | insertion
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| prime mover | agonist
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| relaxes during contraction | antagonist
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| muscle cells are called | muscle fibers
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| name the layers of tissue in order | epimysium, perimysium, & endomysium
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| muscular tissue order | muscle>fascicles>muscle fiber>myofibril>filaments
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| excitability (irritability), contractility, & extensibility, had T tubules that extend across the sarcoplasm, muscle cells called fibers, muscle fibers contain lots of mitochondria & nuclei | Skeletal muscle
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| composed of tapered cells w/ single nuclei, thick and thin myofilaments arranged differently (not organized into sarcomeres), no T tubules, & two types-Visceral muscle & Multiunit | Smooth muscle
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| only in heart, contains parallel myofibrils, T tubules are larger and form diads w/ sarcoplamic reticulum, does not run low on ATP, does not experience fatigue, & is self-stimulating | Cardiac muscle
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| segment of myofibril between two Z lines; each myofibril consists of many sarcomeres, contractile unit of muscle fibers | Sarcomere
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| seperate muscle into small sections | perimysium
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| bundles of skeletal muscle fibers | fasicles
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| covers individual muscle fibers | endomysium
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| mitchondria-cytoplasma | sacroplasma
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| produce and stores calcium ions | sacroplastmic reticulum
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| passes across the muscle transverse | t-tubule
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| light and dark striations | myofilaments
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| thin filament | actin
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| thick filament | myosin
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| functional unit of skeletal muscles | sarcomere
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| small bundle or cluster of skeletal muscle fibers bound together by perimysium | Fasicicle
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| fascicles | muscle cover
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| muscle fibers | cell, round cylinder
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| contraction mechanism | myofilaments
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| collections of sarcomeres | muscle fibers
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| double strands | actin
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| single strands | myosin
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| CT covering skeletal muscle fibers | Endomysium
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| CT surrounding fascicles | Perimysium
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| plasma membrane of a striated muscle fiber | Sarcolemma
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| functional unit composed of a single motor neuron w/ muscle cells it innervates | Motor unit
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| muscle fiber | Myofiber
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| threadlike structures found in myofibrils composed of myosin (thick) & actin (thin) | Myofilament
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| mechanism of muscle contraction and relaxation | sliding filament model
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| functional unit of muscle tissue | sarcomere
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| protein that forms tow fibrous strands twisted around each other to form bulk of thin filament | Actin
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| thin band | I band
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| thick band | H band
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| overlaping thick and thin band | A band
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| terminal point | Z line or disc
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| what band remains the same? | A band
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| a point where neuron and muscle comes together? | neuromuscular junction
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| protein that holds tropomyosin molecules in place | Troponin
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| Categories of muscles | Parallel, Convergent, Pennate, & Bipennate
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| what releases from the synaptic knob or end bulbs? | acetylcholine
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| to Kick a soccer ball, you use | quadriceps & gracillas
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| to Smile, you use | orbicularis oris, zygomaticus major, & buccinator
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| Perform sit-ups, you use | abdominal oblique
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| occurs a few hours after death | Rigamortis
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| this is necessary for muscle contraction and relaxation | ATP
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| to Shrug shoulders, you use | trapezius & deltoid
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| capable of developing greater forces, contracting faster and have greater anaerobic capacity | Fast-twitch fibers
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| develop force slowly, can maintain contractions longer and have higher aerobic capacity | slow-twitch fibers
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| neurotransmitter released at neuromuscular junction | Acetylcholine
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