BIO Final
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | Ecology is a discipline that is independent from natural selection and evolutionary history
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| show | ecosystem, community, population, individual
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| show | cellular
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| Of the following examples of ecological effect leading to an evolutionary effect (→), which is most correct? | show 🗑
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| show | predation, competition
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| show | temperature
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| show | ocean currents
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| show | the tilt of Earths axis
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| Which of the following events might you predict to occur if the tilt of Earth's axis relative to its plane of orbit was increased 33.5 degrees, currently it is 23 degrees? | show 🗑
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| Imagine some cosmic catastrophe jolts Earth so that its axis is perpendicular to the orbital plane between Earth and the sun. The most obvious effect of this change would be | show 🗑
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| show | sunlight strikes the poles at a lower angle
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| show | all of the above
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| The success with which plants extend their range northward following glacial retreat is best determined by | show 🗑
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| show | the number of frost-free days and competition between species of introduced grasses and native alpine grasses
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| Species introduced to new geographic locations | show 🗑
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| show | landscape ecology
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| Which of the following biomes is correctly paired with the description of its climate? | show 🗑
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| Suppose the number of bird species is determines mainly by the number of vertical strata found in the environment. If so, in which of the following biomes would you find the greatest number of bird species? | show 🗑
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| San Diego has a more temperate climate due to the mountains located to its east. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | interactions between all of the organisms and their physical environment in a tropical rain forest.
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| A cows herbivorous diet indicates that it is a(n) | show 🗑
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| The main cause of the increase in the amount of CO2 in earths atmosphere over the past 150 years is | show 🗑
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| show | temperature
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| Which of the following levels of organization is arranged in the correct sequence? | show 🗑
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| show | tropical forests-very warm with high precipitation
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| show | community ecology
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| The biosphere is made up of all the ecosystems on the planet | show 🗑
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| community is made up of the biotic plus the abiotic | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| which of these is a statement that Darwin would have rejected? | show 🗑
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| Which definition of evolution would have been most foreign to Charles Darwin during his lifetime? | show 🗑
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| show | the sources of genetic variations among individuals
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| Which of these evolutionary agents is most consistent at causing populations to become better suited to their environment over the course of generations? | show 🗑
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| show | genetic drift
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| show | a cline
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| show | genetic drift
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| In which population is the frequency of the allele for brown feathers highest? | show 🗑
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| In which population would it be least likely that an accident would significantly alter the frequency of the brown allele? | show 🗑
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| show | population A
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| If the original finches that had been blown over to the Galapagos from south america had already been genetically different from the parental population of south american finches, even before adapting to the galapagos, this would have been an example of | show 🗑
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| show | gene flow
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| Which describes an African butterfly species that exists in two strikingly different color patterns? | show 🗑
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| Which describes brightly colors peacocks mating more frequently than drab peacocks? | show 🗑
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| Most swiss starlings produce four to five eggs in each clutch. Those producing fewer or more than this have reduced fitness. Which of the following terms best describes this? | show 🗑
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| Fossil evidence indicates that horses have gradually increased in size over geologic time. Which of the following terms best describes this? | show 🗑
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| A certain specie of land snail exists as either a cream color or a solid brown color. Intermediate individuals are relatively rare. Which of the following terms best describes this? | show 🗑
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| show | stabilizing selection
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| Cattle breeders have improved the quality of meat over the years by which process? | show 🗑
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| show | They have a relative evolutionary fitness of zero
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| In seedcracker finches from cameroon, small-& large-billed birds specialize in cracking soft and hard seeds, respectively. If long-term climate change resulted in all seeds becoming hard, what type of selection would then operate on the finch population? | show 🗑
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| What is the of the trait whose frequency distribution in a large population appears above? It had probably undergone | show 🗑
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| If the curve shifts to the left or to the right, there is no gene flow, & the population size consequently increases over successive generations, then which of these is (are) probably occurring? | show 🗑
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| show | sexual selection
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| What is generally true of two very closely related species that have diverged from each other quite recently? | show 🗑
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| Males of one species sing only when its predators are absent; males of another species sing only when its predators are present. | show 🗑
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| One species lives only in tree holes; another species lives only in streams | show 🗑
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| show | behavioral
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| show | temporal
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| Males of one species are too small to perform amplexus(an action that stimulates ovulation) with females of another species. | show 🗑
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| Dog breeders maintain the purity of breeds by keeping dogs of different breeds apart when they are fertile. This kind of isolation is most similar to which of the following reproductive isolating mechanisms? | show 🗑
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| show | relative locations of two populations as a speciation occurs
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| Which gas was least abundant in Earths early atmosphere, prior to 2 billion years ago? | show 🗑
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| A light microscope is often used to inspect viruses | show 🗑
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| Why are viruses referred to as obligate parasites? | show 🗑
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| show | hosts membrane
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| Which of the following accounts for someone who has had a herpesvirus-mediated cold sore or genital sore getting flare-ups for the rest of life? | show 🗑
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| show | A large number of phages is released at one time
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| Which of the following terms describes bacteriophage DNA that has become integrated into host cell chromosome? | show 🗑
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| Retrovirus hereditary information will transform inside of a host cell from what to what? | show 🗑
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| show | getting vaccinated
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| The capsid of a virus is composed of | show 🗑
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| show | host cell
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| show | False
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| show | False
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| Viruses can be either RNA or DNA based | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | False
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| HIV can be cured with the use of antiviral drugs | show 🗑
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| Viruses are made up of cells | show 🗑
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| Viral DNA that is integrated into the hosts DNA is called a | show 🗑
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| Which of these organisms do viruses not infect? | show 🗑
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| show | ER
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| Which of the following statements describe the lysogenic cycle of lambda phage? | show 🗑
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| show | retroviruses
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| What is the function of revers transcriptase in retroviruses? | show 🗑
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| A virus has the ability to create its viral envelope | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| Lytic replication can take years before the symptoms develop | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| Plants are immune to all types of viruses | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| Most viruses can be seen via a light microscope | show 🗑
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| If global warming continues at its present rate, which biomes will likely take the place of the coniferous forest (taiga)? | show 🗑
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| show | permafrost
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| The growing season would generally be shortest in which of the following biomes? | show 🗑
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| Which type of biome would most likely occur in a climate with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers (found in california)? | show 🗑
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| Tropical grasslands with scattered trees are also known as | show 🗑
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| Which biome is able to support many large animals despite receiving moderate amounts of rainfall? | show 🗑
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| An area in which different terrestrial biomes grade into each other is known as a(n) | show 🗑
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| Probably the most important factor(s) affecting the distribution of biomes is (are) | show 🗑
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| show | the members of the population are competing for access to a resource, therefore they are territiorial
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| A populations carrying capacity is | show 🗑
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| show | grows at its maximum per capita rate
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| Based on current growth rates, Earths human population is 2011 will be closest to | show 🗑
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| show | clumped
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| show | red squirrels, who actively defend territories
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| Which curve best describes survivorship in marine mollusks? | show 🗑
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| show | A
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| show | C
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| Which curve best describes survivorship that is independent of age? | show 🗑
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| How are matter and energy used in ecosystem? | show 🗑
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| show | cohort
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| As N approaches K for a certain population, which of the following is predicted by the logistic equation? | show 🗑
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| Which of these ecosystems accounts for the largest amount of Earths net primary productivity? | show 🗑
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| Which of these ecosystems has the highest net primary productivity per square meter? | show 🗑
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| How is it that the open ocean produces the highest net primary productivity of Earth's ecosystems, yet net primary productivity per square meter in relatively low? | show 🗑
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| Trophic efficiency is | show 🗑
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| In general, the total biomass is a terrestrial ecosystem will be greatest for which trophic level? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is most likely a tertiary consumer? | show 🗑
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| show | energy transfer between tropic levels is in almost all cases less than 20% efficient
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| Which statement should contain the greatest proportion of extinct organism? | show 🗑
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| show | C
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| show | A
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| Which strata of rock is the oldest? | show 🗑
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| show | Individuals do not adapt to their environments and, thereby evolve
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| Which statement about natural selection is most correct? | show 🗑
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| show | formation of living cells
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| Which gas was least abundant in earths early atmosphere, prior to 2 billion years ago? | show 🗑
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| Approx. how far back in time does the fossil record extend? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following statements provides the strongest evidence that prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotes? | show 🗑
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| show | 190 millions years ago
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| Which is not a period in the mesozoic era? | show 🗑
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| Oldest fossil of eukaryotic cell appeared how long ago? | show 🗑
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| show | neogen
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| show | cyanobacteria
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| How many half-lives should have elapsed if 6.25% of the parent isotope remains in a fossil at the time of analysis? | show 🗑
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| If the half-life if carbon-14 is about 5,730 years then a fossil that has one-sixteenth the normal proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12 should be about how many years old? | show 🗑
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| show | RNA was the first hereditary information
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| The first genes on Earth were probably | show 🗑
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| Which is defining characteristic that all protbionts had in common? | show 🗑
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| show | II, III, I, IV
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| Which of the following has not yet been synthesized in laboratory experiments studying the origin of life? | show 🗑
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| In their laboratory simulations of the early earth, miller and urey observed the abiotic synthesis of | show 🗑
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| The cambrian period began 542 billion years ago | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | True
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| The mesozoic era was the era of the dinosaurs | show 🗑
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| The cenozoic era was the era of the mammals | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | False
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| Paleontologist believe that man first came to existence in Asia | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| The separation between humans & apes was about 6 million years ago | show 🗑
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| show |
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| show |
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| How many millions of years has the manatee lived? | show 🗑
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| How many species of elephants are still alive? | show 🗑
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| Which statement best described the evolutions of pesticide resistance in a population of insects? | show 🗑
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| Darwin used mostly embreological studies in his research on evolution | show 🗑
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| Non genetic traits can be passed down from generation to generation | show 🗑
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| Species are capable of producing more offspring than the environment can support | show 🗑
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| Natural selection can cause traits to leave a population of species over time | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| Evolution always occurs at a constant and steady rate | show 🗑
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| Darwin did most of his researc at the Carribean Islands | show 🗑
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| How many separate species, both extant & extinct, are depicted in this tree? | show 🗑
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| According to this tree, what percent of the species seem to be extant (not extinct) | show 🗑
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| Which if the live common ancestors,labeled V-Z has given rise to the greatest number of species, both extant and extinct? | show 🗑
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| show | Z
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| During drought years on the Galapagos, small easily eaten seeds become rare, leaving mostly large hard-cased seeds that only birds with large beaks can eat. If a drought persists, for several years. what should one expect to result from natural selection | show 🗑
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| If the HMS beagle had completely bypassed the Galapagos island, darwin would have had a poorer understanding of the | show 🗑
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| show | individuals adapt to their environment and thereby, evolve
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| show | more recently they shared a common ancestor
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| show | a mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence
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| What was the prevailing notion prior to the time of Lyell & Darwin? | show 🗑
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| Given a population that contains genetic variation. what is the correct sequence of the following events, under the influence if natural selection? | show 🗑
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| show | subsequent generations of a population should have greater proportions of individual that possess traits better suited for success
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| show | leaves more viable offspring than other of its species
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| show | By proposing that humans, bats and dolphins share a common ancestor
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| show | natural selection
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| Of the following anatomical structures, which is homologous to the wing of a bird? | show 🗑
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| show | an overarching explanation, supported by much evidence, for how populations change over time
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| show | They have a relative evolutionary fitness of zero
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| show | None of the individual insects should have possessed genomes that made them resistant to DDT.
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| show | They shared a common ancestor recently in evolutionary time
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| show | India was a separate continent until 55 million years ago
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| Monkeys of South & central America have prehensile tails, meaning their tails grasp objects. Tails of African & Asian monkeys arent prehensile. Which is most likely to provide an evolutionary explanation for how this difference in tails came about? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth? | show 🗑
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| show | they should share fewer homologous structures than 2 more closely related organisms
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| show | offspring if insects that are genetically resistant to the pesticide become more abundant as the susceptible insects die off
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| Which is not a proof of evolution | show 🗑
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| Radioactive dating gives you an exact date of ages of the fossil, that is accurate up to the year | show 🗑
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| The appendix could be considered a homologous structure | show 🗑
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| Hair on your skin could be considered a vestigal structure | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | False
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| In convergent evolution two closely related species evolutionarily will continue to become more different over time | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | development of large leaf surfaces to absorb water
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| show | root hairs
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| show | pruning
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| show | vessel element, sieve tube member
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| show | sieve tube elements
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| show | True
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| The root is the main photosynthesis organ of a plant | show 🗑
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| show | pith
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| show | stele
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