Middle School Science Praxis Prep
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| matter | anything that has mass, made of atoms and molecules
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| physical change of matter | caused by motion, temperature, pressure - substance stays the same
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| chemical change of matter | happen on a molecular level - substance changed
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| Conservation of Mass | (Lavoisier) matter is neither created or destroyed
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| Conservation of Energy | (Mayer) aka First Law of Thermodynamics - energy is neither created or destroyed
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| Law of Conservation of Mass-Energy | (Einstein) the total amount of mass and energy in the universe is constant
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| kinetic energy | energy of moving objects; energy in use
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| potential energy | stored energy; it is energy that has the potential to do work
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| oxidation reduction reactions | transfer energy between molecules in the form of electrons - the molecule that loses an electron is oxidized, molecule that gains electron is reduced
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| endergonic reactions | store energy within a molecule because the reactants have less free energy than the products - require energy input
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| exergonic reactons | release energy, laving reactants with more free energy than the products
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| heat | (amount of energy in a system) total energy in a substance - kinetic energy of molecules AND potential energy of molecules
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| temperature | (measure of the average moleculation motions in system) average kinetic energy of the molecules of the substance
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| conduction | materials in physical contact - energy transferred trough collisions of their particles, Kinetic Theory of Matter
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| convection | movement of thermal energy from one area to another in a liquid or gas
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| radiation | warm or hot matter emits electromagnetic radiation - especially infrared - that is then absorbed by an object at a distance, absorption heats the second object
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| calorie/joules | 1 cal = 4.186 J
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| BTU | amount of energy necessary to raise temperature of 1lb water to 1 degree fahrenheit
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| First Law of Thermodynamics | energy can be transferred from one sysem to another - energy cannot be created or destroyed - total amount of energy in universe is constant
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| Second Law of Thermodynamics | heat cannot transfer from colder to hotter body - all natural processes that involve energy must have one direction, natural processes are irreversible, disorder/randomness of isolated system always increases with time
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| atom | smallest unit of element that displays all of that elements characteristics
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| protons | positively charged particles located within the atomic nucleus
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| neutrons | neutral particles located within the atomic nucleus
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| electrons | negatively charged particles orbiting around nucleus
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| atomic number | protons in an atom
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| atomoic mass | protons and neutrons combined
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| first electron shell | one orbital; two electrons
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| second electron shell | four orbitals; eight electrons
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| third electron shell | four orbitals max; eight electrons
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| fourth electron shell | max nine orbitals; eighteen electrons
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
celticangel
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