Edexcel B1 nervous system
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| What are the different parts in a neurone? | Dendrites, cell body, axon (covered in myelin sheath) and dendrons
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| What are the differences between motor and sensory neurones? | Motor neurones have very long axons but sensory neurones have shorter ones
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| What are dendrites? | Fine branches that receive the electrical impulse
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| What do neurones do? | they carry electrical impulses
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| What is CNS? | the brain and spical cord
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| What is the neurone that sends electrical impulses from teh receptor to the CNS? | sensory neurone
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| What is the neurone that receives electrical impulses from the CNS and carries the impulse to teh muscles? | motor neurone
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| State some stimuli | light, sound, heat, touch
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| What receptor would detect light? | photoreceptors in the retina (the layer of neurones at the back of the eye)
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| What are thermoreceptors? | receptors that detect changes in body temperature
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| What is this “what you do without thinking”? | involuntary aka automatic aka reflex response
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| Why are reflex/involuntary responses when we touch something hot, so important? | so that we are not hurt; to protect our body from damage
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| What are stimuli? | changes to the environment
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| What organ controls involuntary response? | the spinal cord
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| Describe the of a voluntary response when you want to pick up a pen | Stimulus(light)>receptor(cells on the retina)>sensory neurone>CNS(brain)>motor neurone>effector(muscle)>response(picking a pen)
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| When you pick up a pen, what is the stimulus? | you need to see the pen, so LIGHT is the stimulus
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| When you pick up a pen, what is the effector? | the muscles in your arm
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| When you pick up a pen, what is the response? | you pick up the pen: the response is what you do at the end!
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| What is the name of the gap between two neurones? | synapse
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| What is the myelin sheath? | the fatty substance that INSULATES the neurone so that ELECTRICAL IMPULSES are carried FASTER
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| What are the chemical messengers that carry the signal across synapses? | neurotransmitters
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| Describe how the impulse travels across a synapse | as the electrical impulse arrives at the end of 1st neurone, the neurotransmitter is released;neurotransmitter travels across synapse;neurotransmitter attaches to the 2nd neurone and triggers electrical impulse
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| Describe how the reflex arc works | receptor picks up stimulus;sensory neurone carries electrical impulse to spinal cord; in the spine, a relay neurone passes on impulse directly to the motor neurone; motor neurone passes impulse to effector/muscle; muscle contracts
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| Do you have a trick to remember the reflex arc? | ReSeReMoEf (REceptor;SEnsory neurone;RElay neurone;MOtor neurone;EFfector)
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