MAMC exam 9 physiology of pregnancy (doesn't cover weekly dev. or fetal circ)
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| gametogenesis | development of ova in the woman & sperm in the man
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| oogenesis | formation of female gamete
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| spermatogenesis | formation of male gamete
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| meiosis | process in which cells divide to form gametes
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| when conception occurs | human fertilization occurs when the sperm penetrates an ovum and units with it
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| when ovulation occus | approximately 14 days before a woman's next menstrual cycle would begin
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| estimated an ovum survives | no longer than 24 hours after its release at ovulation
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| ovum transportation | mature ovum released on the surface of the ovary where it's picked up by the fallopian tube and transported through tube while awaiting fertilization
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| where does fertilization occur | distal 3rd of fallopian tube
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| when does ovum (fertilized or not) enter uterus | approximately 3 days after release from ovary
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| how long most sperm survive in female reproductive tract | no longer than 24 hours
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| how long may some sperm survive in female reprodcutive tract | 80 hours
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| what fluid(s) from the male enters the cervix? | only sperm cells
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| where does the seminal fluid enter? | stays in vagina
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| how many sperm cells reach the fallopian tubes? | fewer than 50-150
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| t/f sperm are not immediately ready to fertilize the ovum | true
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| capacitation | process sperm undergo in order to penetrate the protective layers surrounding an ovum
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| fertilization | occurs when one spermatozoon enters the ovum and the 2 nuclei containing the parents' chromosomes merge
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| pre-embryonic period | first 2 weeks after conception around 4th day zygote enters uterus
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| how long does zygote divide? | until it reaches 16 cells
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| what is a 16 cell zygote called? | morula
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| outer cells of morula do what? | secrete fluid forming a blastocyst a sac in the fetus
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| inner cell mass of the morula develops in the _____ | fetus
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| the outer layer of cells of the morula develops as | the placenta & fetal membranes
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| when blastocyst contains approximately ____ cells, it enters the uterus | 100
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| blastocyst lingers in uterus how many days before implantation | 2-4
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| endometrium called _______ when implantation occurs | decidua
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| when does implantation occur? | between 6th-10th days after conception
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| what does the zygote secrete to signal to the woman's body that pregnancy has begun? | hCG
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| what does hCG cause? | the corpus luteum to continue to secrete estrogen & progesterone until the placenta takes over the function
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| where does normal implantation occur? | upper uterus & slightly more often on the posterior wall
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| the primary chorionic vilii eventually form which side of the placenta? | fetal
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| the decidua basalis forms which side of the placenta? | maternal
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| when is the zygote fully embedded withing the uterus? | by 10 days
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| embryonic period | 3rd-8th week
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| by the end of which week are all major organ systems are in place? | 8th
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| structures of vulnerable to damage from teratogens and why? | embryonic period they're developing rapidly
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| what hormones does the placenta produce? | progesterone estrogen hCG HPL
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| "dirty duncan" | maternal side of placenta
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| "shiny schultz" | fetal side of placenta
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| placenta functions | metabolic transfer endocrine
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| amnion | inner membrane
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| chorion | outer membrane
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| amniotic sac | sace made up of the chorion & amnion that contains the fetus & amniotic fluid
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| where is amniotic fluid derived from? | fetal urine fluid transported from maternal blood across the amnion
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| approximately how much amniotic fluid present at term? | 700-800mL
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| oligohydramnios | <400mL at term
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| hydramnios | <2000mL at term
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| umbilical cord contains how many arteries & how many veins? | 2 arteries 1 vein
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| 3 parts of the umbilical cord? | 2 arteries 1 vein wharton's jelly
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| monozygotic twins | twins carrying same genetic code & are same sex 1 becomes 2
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| dizygotic twins | 2 different eggs & 2 different sperm
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