Common Medical Terms & Definitions by Body System
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| Cerbrospinal cerebr/o = cerebrum, spin/o=Spine al= pertaining to | Pertaining to the brain and spinal cord
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| Cerebrovascular cerebr/o=cerebrum,vascul/o=vessel ar=pertaining to | pertaining to the brain and blood vessels that supply it
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| epidural epi=above,upon; dur/a= dura mater al= pertaining to | pertaining to above the dura mater
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| Epilepsy epi=upon lepsy = seizure | A disorder of the central nervous system characterized by recurrent seizures
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| Meningitis mening/o = meninges itis=inflammation | inflammation of the meninges of the brain
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| Neurologist neur/o=nerve, ologist=specialist in the study or treatment of | A physician who specializes in diseases of the neurological system
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| Schizophrenia schiz/o=split phren/o=mind or diaphragm ia=condition of | A type of psychosis in which the mind is said to be split from reality
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| Bradycardia brady=slow, cardi/o=heart, ia=pertaining to | Thickening, loss of elasticity, and hardening of arterial walls
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| cardiologist cardio= heart, logist= specialist in the study or treatment of | A physcian who specializes in diseases of the heart
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| cardiomyopathy cardio=heart, myo=muscle pathy=disease | Disease of the heart muscle
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| Endocardium endo=within cardi=heart ium=structure, tissue | membrane lining the cavities of the heart
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| Hypertension hyper=above or excessive tension | High blood pressure
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| Hypoxemia hypo=below or deficient ox=oxygen emia=blood | Too little oxygen in the blood
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| Myocarditis myo=muscle cardi=heart itis=inflammation | Inflammation of the heart muscle
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| Myocardium myo=muscle cardi=heart ium=structure or tissue | Heart muscle tissue
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| Pericardium peri=around or surrounding cardi=heart ium=structure or tissue | Lining around the outside of the heart
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| Tachycardia tachy=fast card/o=heart ia=pertaining to | Pertaining to a fast heart rate
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| Bronchitis bronch=bronchus itis=inflammation | Inflammation of the bronchi
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| Dyspnea dys=difficult,painful pnea=breathing | Difficult, painful or faulty breathing
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| Hypoxia hypo=deficient or below, oxi=oxygen, ia=condition | A condition of deficient oxygen levels
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| Pharyngitis pharyng=pharynx itis=inflammation | Inflammation of the pharynx
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| Pulmonologist pulmon/o=lungs, logist=specialist in the study or treatment of | Specialist in dieseses of the lungs
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| Rhinoplasty rhino=nose plasty=surgical repair | Surgical repair of the nose
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| Rhinorrhea Rhino=nose rrhea=flow,discharge | Discharge from the nose
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| Spirometry spir/o=breathe;breath metry=process of measuring | Measurement of breathing
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| Stethoscope steth/o=chest scope=instrument for viewing | Instrument used to listen to lung and heart sounds through the chest wall
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| Arthritis arthr/o=joint itis=inflammation | Inflammation of the joints
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| Bursitis burs/o=joint itis=inflammation | Inflammation of the bursa, a fluid-filled sac around joints
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| Intramuscular intra=within, muscul/o=muscle ar=pertaining to | Pertaining to within the muscle
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| Myalgia my/o=muscle algia=pain | Muscle pain
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| Orthopedic Orth/o=straight podi=foot ic=pertaining to | Literally, means pertaining to straight foot-pertaining to the study of diseases of the skeletal and muscular system
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| Tendinitis tendin=tendon itis=inflammation | Inflammation of the tendon
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| Endocrinology end/o=within,in crine=secrete logy=study | Study of the secreting glands that comprise the endocrine system
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| Hyperglycemia hyper=above or excessive, glyc/o=glucose,sugar emia=blood | Too much sugar in the blood
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| Hyperthyroidism hyper=above or excessive, thyr/o=thyroid gland ism=condition | Condition of too much thyroid hormone
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| Hypokalemia hypo=below or dificient, kal/i=potassium emia=blood | Low blood potassium
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| Pancreatitis pancreat/o=pancreas itis=inflammation | Inflammation of the pancreas
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| Autoimmune auto=self immune/o=protection | The disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself
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| Immunocompromised immune/o=protection compromise=compromise | A condition in which the immune system has been compromised by disease or immunosuppressive agents.
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| Leukemia leuk/o=white emia=blood | A malignant blood disease marked by abnormal white blood cells, or leukocytes.
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| Metastasis meta=beyond,after or change. stasis=stop or control | The spread of cancer cells beyond the original site of the tumor through blood or lymph
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| Anemia an=not,without emia=blood | A blood condition in which there is a reduction the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red blood cells.
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| Hematology hem/o=blood logy=study of | Medical study of the blood
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| Myeloma myel/o=bone marrow or spinal cord. oma=tumor | Tumor of the bone marrow
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| Cholecystectomy cholecyst/o=gall bladder; ectomy=surgical removal,excision | Surgical removal of the gall bladder
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| Cirrhosis cirr=yellow, osis=abnormal condition | Chronic liver condition that causes yellowing of tissues.
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| Colonoscopy col/o=colon scopy=process of viewing | Process of viewing the colon
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| Dyspepsia dys=difficult,painful. pepsia=digestion | The condition of indigestion, or painful digestion
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| Dysphagia dys=difficult,painful. phag/o=eat or swallow. ia=pertaining to | Pertaining to difficulty in eating or swallowing
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| Esophagitis esophag/o=esophagus itis=inflammation | Inflammation of the esophagus
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| Gastroenterologist gastro=stomach enter/o=intestines ologist-specialist in the study or treatment of | Specialist in the study or treatment of the stomach and intestines.
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| Nasogastric nas/o=nose gastr/o=stomach ic=pertaining to | Pertaining to the nose and the stomach (e.g., a tube that travels from the nose to the stomach)
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| Pancreatitis pancreat/o=pancreas itis=inflammation | Inflammation of the pancreas
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| Sublingual sub=below,under. lingua=tongue al=pertaining to | Pertaining to under the tongue
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| Nephrectomy nephr/o=kidney ectomy=removal or incision | Surgical removal of a kidney
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| Polyuria poly=many or excessive; ur/o=urinary tract ia=condition of | Condition in which one urinates excessively
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| Pyelonephritis pyel/o=renal pelvis; nephr/o=kidney itis=inflammation | Inflammation of the renal pelvis area of the kidney
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| Urologist ur/o=urinary tract; ologist=a specialist in the study or treatment of | Physician who specializes in conditions of the urinary system
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| Conjunctivitis conjunctiv/o=conjunctiva; itis=inflammation | Inflammation of the conjunctiva
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| Intraocular intra=within; ocul/o=eye ia=pertaining to | Pertaining to the inside of the eye
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| Ophthalmologist ophthalm/o=eye; ia=pertaining to | Specialist in diseases of the eye
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| optometry opt/o=eye metry=process of measuring | Process of measuring the eye
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| Photophobia phot/o=light; phobia=abnormal fear | Extreme sensitivity and discomfort from light
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| Myringitis myring/o=eardrum; itis=inflammation | Inflammation of the tympanic membrane
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| Otitis ot/o=ear; itis=inflammation | Inflammation of the ear
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| Dermatitis dermat/o=skin itis=inflammation | Inflammation of the skin
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| Dermatologist dermat/o=skin ologist=specialist in the study or treatment of | Specialist in the study of diseases of the skin
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| Epidermal epi=on, upon; derm/o=skin; al=pertaining to | Pertaining to on the skin
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| Percutaneous Per=through; cutane/o=skin; ous=pertaining to | Through the skin
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| Subsutaneous sub=below,under; cutane/o=skin ous=pertaining to | Pertaining to below the skin
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| Gynecologist gyne/o=woman logist= a specialist in the study or treatment of | A physician who specializes in the reproductive system of women
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| Hysterectomy hyster/o=uterus; ectomy=surgical removal,excision | The surgical removal of the uterus
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| Mammogram mamm/o=breast gram=record | An x-ray of the breast
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| Obstetrics obstetr/o-midwife, ic=pertaining to | The specialty pertaining to the care and treatment of mother and fetus throughout pregnancy,childbirth, and the immediate postpartum period.
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| Vasectomy vas/o=vessel; ectomy=surgical removal,excision | Excision of part of the vas deferens to produce male sterility
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