Prepare yourself for the evolution section of the Keystone Exam.
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What natural phenomenon increases the frequency of alleles if they are advantageous to a species' survival? | Natural selection
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| What happens to a population if a phenotype is produced that is not a selective advantage? | The population will decrease
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| What happens to a population that develops better alleles? | populations evolve
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| What evolutionary factor prevents individuals from mating? | prezygotic mechanisms
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| What prezygotic mechanism is characterized by species living in different areas separated by terrestrial and aquatic barriers? | Geographical isolation
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| What prezygotic mechanism is characterized by individuals that do not mate because they are reproductively active at different times of the day? | Temporal isolation
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| What prezygotic mechanism is characterized by individuals that mate only in certain preferred habitat? | Ecological isolation
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| What prezygotic mechanism is characterized by individuals of different species that don't recognize each other sexual cues? | Behavioral isolation
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| What prezygotic mechanism is characterized by the process of copulation occurring; however, the transfer of sperm does not take place? | Mechanical isolation
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| What prezygotic mechanism is characterized by sperm transfer, but the egg is not fertilized? | Gametic incompatibility
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| What evolutionary factor causes genomic incompatibility, hybrid inviability and/or sterility? | Postzygotic isolating mechanisms
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| What postzygotic mechanism is characterized by by a fertilized egg, but the zygote does not develop? | Zygotic mortality
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| What postzygotic mechanism is characterized by the hybrid forming, but is not viable? | Hybrid inviability
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| What postzygotic mechanism is characterized by the hybrid is viable, but the resulting adult is sterile? | Hybrid sterility
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| What postzygotic mechanism is characterized by the first generation hybrids are viable and fertile, but further hybrid generations are inviable or sterile? | Hybrid breakdown
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| What evolutionary phenomenon occurs so that in each generation, some individuals may leave behind a few more descendents than other individuals? | Genetic drift
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| Genetic drift tends to reduce genetic variation. Why is this a problem? | It potentially reduces a populations ability to evolve in response to new selective pressures
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| Genetic drift acts faster and has more dramatic effects in small populations. Why is this a problem? | Because it tends to happen most often in rare and endangered species
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| Genetic drift can contribute to speciation. Why is this significant? | Because small isolated populations may diverge and from large populations creating a new species.
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| What are the two types of genetic drift? | Bottleneck effect
Founder's effect
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| What type of genetic drift occurs when a population's size is drastically reduced for at least one generation? | Bottleneck effect
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| What is the negative impact of the bottleneck effect? | reduced genetic variation
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| Why is reduced genetic variation bad for a population? | the population may not be able to adapt to new environmental pressures because the genetic variation that selection would act on may have already drifted out of the population
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| What is a world known example of bottleneck effect? | cheetah population - they were hunted to near extinction and now their gene pool is very shallow
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| What type of genetic drift occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of a population? | Founder's effect
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| What two outcomes does the founder's effect tend to cause? | 1. reduced genetic variation from the original population
2. a non-random sample of the genes in the original population
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| What is the best evidence of evolution that scientist use? | Fossils
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| What type of evolutionary evidence show a pattern of development from early ancestors to modern descendants? | Fossils
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| What are the four different types of evolutionary evidence? | Fossils
Anatomical
Embryological
DNA/Proteins
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| What type of evolutionary evidence compares different types of organisms to reveal basic similarities in body structure? | Anatomical
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| What type of evolutionary structures are present in organisms, but are reduced in size and either have no or little function? | Vestigial structure
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| What type of evolutionary structures are derived from a common ancestor or same evolutionary or developmental origin? | Homologous structure
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| What type of evolutionary structures are found in different species, but have similar function? | Analogous structures
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| What type of structure is a human appendix an example of? | vestigial
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| What type of structure is a whale's hip bone an example of? | vestigial
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| What type of structures are the forearm of a cat, crocodile and bat an example of? | homologous
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| What type of structures are the wings of a bat and butterfly an example of? | Analogous
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| From embryological evidence scientists know that all vertebrates at one point in their development have what three common structures? | 1. a tail
2. buds that become limbs
3. pharyngeal pouches (gill slits)
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