W13 Analgegics
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| Main use of skeletal muscle relaxant | Prevent/interrupt muscle spasm associated with spastic disease, spinal cord damage or overexertion of muscles
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| Types of muscle relaxants | Peripheral and central; Peripherally acting works within the muscle and centrally acting work within the spinal cord;
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| Muscle relaxants and asthma pt | Peripheral acting can be dangerous for patient with asthma because it increase bronchial secretion and produce histamine release
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| Effects of muscle relaxants on CNS | Lethargy, decreased mental alertness, dependence
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| Where do opioid come from? | Naturally occurring plant substance opium OR synthetic substances that produce the same pharmacologic effects as opium
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| Difference btw opiate and opioid | OID is synthetic, ATE is natural
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| Analgegics OPIATES | Hydrocodone, Codeine (antitussive), Morphine (analgesic)
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| Define, Uses, Cautions, Pt teaching for NSAID’s | Aspirin, Ibuprophen, Naproxen, Mild to Moderate pain,anti-inflammatory, Allergy, GI Upset, Take with food, Salicylates are platelet aggregator inhibitors (baby aspirin), prevent Heart attack.
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| 2 elements composing pain | localized stimulation of peripheral nerves and recognition of pain within the CNS
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| Symptoms of pain | Subjective, pt said he’s in pain, objective, redness, inflammation, warm to touch
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| Common psychological responses to pain | Grimacing, gardening, not participating in activities with mvt, depression
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| Pain meds for mild to moderate | Non-Narcotics. NSAIDs with Narcotic can be used to reduce inflammation
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| Pain meds for moderate to severe | Narcotics
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| Describe some concerns about narcotics analgesics | Pt seeking meds, CNS depression lead to other pb, constipation, dependence
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| What schedule are most narcotics used for pain control? | Schedule 2, One prescription, no refill w/o new written prescription, Heroin is Schedule 1
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| Common SE for opiates | Rash, respiratory depression (drop respiration rate)
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| Common pharmacological effects of opiates | Change in mental alertness, sedation (μ, κ), Depression of respiratory centers (µ)
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| Narcotic analgesics: describe why respiratory depression is an important consideration? | It is common, can affect oxygenation of pt, drug tolerance, when taking a lot, check respiratory status first.
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| Naloxone | Narcotic Antagonist, Agonist, used for Overdose of opioid
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| Platelet aggregation inhibition | Salicylate cause Platelet aggregation inhibition
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| Redness of the skin caused by dilatation and congestion of the capillaries, often a sign of inflammation or infection | Erythema
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| Capable of relieving or suppressing coughing | Antitussive
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| Reduce elevated body temperature (fever) | Antipyretic
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| Preventing or reducing inflammation | Anti inflammatory
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| A medication that reduces or eliminates pain | Analgesic
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| NSAIDs | NSAIDs
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| Occurs as a result of taking a drug and receive less therapeutic effect of the drug over the time | Drug tolerance
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| What to do when drug tolerance occurs | Increase the dosage
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| Combination of psychological and physical factors if the patient doesn’t receive the drug | Drug dependency
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| No more able to perform regular life w/o drug | Addiction
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| Difference between tolerance, dependence, addiction | Tolerance = occurs when drug abuse, less therapeutic effect, Dependence = physiological and psychological effect if not receiving drug, Addiction = No more able to perform regular life w/o drug
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| Use your graph to describe properties of narcotic analgesics | Pain relieve, but also antitussives (prevent coughing)
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| Dextromethorphan: Why is it special? Uses? | Only Narcotic OTC antitussive
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| Food products containing salicylates | Peppers, raisins, cherries, Cheese, pt high risk for bleeding shouldn’t use these (hemophilia, surgery pt, esophageal varices)
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| Why do so many analgesics cause GI Upset? | They are prostaglandin inhibitors, they decrease the mucus that the prostaglandin produces
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| Which non narcotics analgesic is best for asthma clients? | Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
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| Platelet aggregation inhibition. Which classes? | Salicylates (Aspirin)
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| Sign of inflammation | Heat, redness (erythema), swelling, and pain
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| Overdose ASA / Tylenol causes what? Assessment findings? | Both cause hepatic cqces (liver), acidosis; Reyes syndrome, respiratory depression, listen to weezing in lung, Tinnitus, lethargy, coma. Assess and figure out how much drugs, and what type
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| Rare disorder occurring primarily in children after a viral illness and associated with aspirin usage, characterized by vomiting, swelling of the brain, and liver dysfunction | Reye syndrome
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| Naproxen (Aleve) and Motrin (Ibuprofen) | NSAIDs, Analgesic, Anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory; Naproxen last up to 12 hours, Ibuprofen up to 4 hours
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| Cox 2 inhibitor | NSAIDs used for bones and joins problems (osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis)
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| Acetaminophen (Tylenol) | Analgegic, anti-pyretic, reyes syndrome (ASA too)
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| Special inflammatory condition in which uric acid deposits in the joint fluid of the toes, knees, or kidneys because uric acid is overproduced or not efficiently excreted | Gout
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| Colchicines | Treat gout
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| Dextromethorphan | Only Narcotic OTC as antitussive
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| Naloxone | Narcotic Antagonist, Agonist, used for Overdose of opioid
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| Motrin/Ibuprophen | OTC NSAIDs
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| Methadone | Opiate, to treat addiction to morphine or heroin
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| Acetylsalicylic acid | ASA, 4 A of Aspirin, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-pain, Anti-pyretic, Anti-platelet aggregation
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| Effects of aspirin and salicylates | Reduce fever and pain, increase peripheral blood flow (vasodilation), increase sweating, and prophylactically inhibit clotting (Platelet aggregator inhibitor)
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| Colchicines | Treat gout
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