Chapt 17 CNS Drugs
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| The ability to increase the action of the neurotransmitter GABA | Benzodiazepine | Antianxiety agent
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| Uses: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) | Benzodiazepine | Antianxiety agent
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| Uses: Panic disorders, Insomnia | Benzodiazepine | Antianxiety agent
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| Uses: In seizures injectable form of diazepam (Valium) and Lorazepam (Ativan) are commonly used to stop seizures | Benzodiazepine | Antianxiety agent
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| Uses: Long lasting drug such as phenytonin (Dilantin) are given to prevent reoccurrence of seizures | Benzodiazepine | Antianxiety agent
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| Adverse effects: Drowsiness, ataxia (inability to coordinate muscle activity); impaired judgement; rebound insomnia; development of tolerance; gradual withdrawal | Benzodiazepine | Antianxiety agent
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| Contraindications: Do not take during pregnancy, likely to cause fetal abnormalities | Benzodiazepine | Antianxiety agent
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| Contraindications: Severe liver and kidney disorders | Benzodiazepine | Antianxiety agent
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| Contraindications: Children who are hyperactive | Benzodiazepine | Antianxiety agent
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| Patient information: Use relaxation method to decrease anxiety | Benzodiazepine | Antianxiety agent
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| Patient information: Do not stop medication abruptly; do not drink alcohol or take CNS depressants while taking hypnotic or anxiolytics (sedatives) | Benzodiazepine | Antianxiety agent
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| Patient information: Avoid caffeine; do not drive or operate heavy machinery | Benzodiazepine | Antianxiety agent
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| Patient information: Elderly patients require lower dosage of diazepam to decrease ataxia and avoid oversedation | Benzodiazepine | Antianxiety agent
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| Valium (diazepam) | Benzodiazepine | Antianxiety agent
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| Ativan (lorazepam) | Benzodiazepine | Antianxiety agent
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| Relatively newer antidepressants | SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Considered the first-line drugs in treatment of patients with major depression | SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Primarily block the effect of serotonin uptake | SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Comparable efficacy to TCAs, however TCAs are more effective with severe depression | SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Uses: Depression, geriatric depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bulimia nervosa, premenstrual dysphoric disorder | SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Adverse effects: Relatively mild, shorter duration than TCA | SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Adverse effects: Caridac toxicity and risk of death after overdose are less likely than w/TCA | SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Common Adverse effects: headache, nausea, vomiting tremor, insomnia, dizziness, diarrhea | SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to the drug, | SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Contraindications: should not use concurrently w/ MAOIs or thioridazine (Mellaril) | SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Contraindications: Should not use during pregnancy; should not use in children under 7 yrs | SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Contraindicaitons: Use with caution in patients with hepatic or renal impairment, renal failure, lactation, cardia disease, diabetes mellitus | SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Patient information: Report withdrawal symptoms (abd. pain, diarrhea, nausea, headache, sweating, insomnia) | SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Patient information: Report if better, worst or no change | SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Patient information: Weight changes, suicidal alert, take with food, careful while driving and operating heavy machinery, avoid alcohol, take in morning to minimize insomnia | SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Zoloft (sertraline) | SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Luvox (fluvoxamine) | SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Prozac (fluoxetine) | SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Three-ring (tricyclic) structure | TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressant) | Antidepressant agent
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| Raise the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin | TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressant) | Antidepressant agent
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| Uses: More likely to relieve endogenous depression (a chemical disorder in the brain) | TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressant) | Antidepressant agent
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| Trofanil (imipramine) | TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressant) | Antidepressant agent
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| Pamelor (nortriptyline) | TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressant) | Antidepressant agent
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| Elavil (amitriptyline) | TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressant) | Antidepressant agent
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| Adverse Effects: Anticholinergic and alpa adrenergic blocking activities | TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressant) | Antidepressant agent
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| Adverse effect: Orthostatic hypotension | TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressant) | Antidepressant agent
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| Contraindications: Avoid during acute recovery period after a heart attack; avoid in pts w/severe renal or hepatic impairment | TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressant) | Antidepressant agent
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| Contraindications: MAOIs may precipitate hyperpyrexic crisis, tachycardia or seizures | TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressant) | Antidepressant agent
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| Patient info: do not stop abruptly, take at bedtime to promote normal sleep pattern | TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressant) | Antidepressant agent
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| Patient info: Effectiveness begins after 2 wks of use | TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressant) | Antidepressant agent
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| Block breakdown of norepinephrine and serotonin | MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Second-third line antidepressants because of the numerous interactions w/prescriptions and OTC meds, as well as food and beverages | MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Contraindications: Epilepsy, liver disease, serious cardiovascular disease | MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Contraindications: Must follow strict diet; Avoid food with tyramine; Provide pts a list of food or do not eat list | MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Nardil (pheneizine) | MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Parnate (tranylcypromine) | MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors) | Antidepressant agent
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| Bipolar disorder; Lithium commonly used for treatment | Lithium (Eskalith) | Antipsychotic agent
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| Three types: Manic, Depressive, Mixed | Antipsychotic agent
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| Does not produce sedation; Alters sodium transport; Used for prophylaxis and treatment | Lithium (Eskalith) | Antipsychotic agent
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| Interferes with nerve conduction | Lithium (Eskalith) | Antipsychotic agent
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| Contraindications: Renal disease, cardiovascular disease, severe dehydration, pregnancy, severe debilitation | Lithium (Eskalith) | Antipsychotic agent
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| Maybe extremely toxic, monitor levels monthly during maintenance and two or three times wkly during acute manic phase | Lithium (Eskalith) | Antipsychotic agent
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| Warning: Pts may have increase thirst and dehydration, lithium is a SALT - Adequate fluid intake is important | Lithium (Eskalith) | Antipsychotic agent
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| May be uses as sedative or hypnotic; Widely prescribe for anxiety | Benzodiazepine | Antianxiety agent
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