Media Violence
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| What are the concerns with advertisements? | Ads reinforce social stereotypes (boys active, girls passive) and minority children are typically cast in supporting roles - not in lead roles
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| What is an example fo an ad that reinforces social stereotypes? | Mr Muscle Man
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| Another concern is that TV is wasted children's time. Why is this? | Children who watch a lot of TV tend to be lower achievers because TV competes with homework, there is less social communication, less creative play and TV watching is associated with physical measures such as obesity.
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| Another concern is violence which these days is more graphic that it used to be and is typically sanitised which means that....? Also children become desensitised to the effects which means that....? | ..no one ever gets hurt so children dont learn the consequences of violence. ...they will be more passive in real life as both victims and bystanders.
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| Bandura found that kids typically model aggression particularly if it is not _______ and the imitating is stronger if the model is _________? | punished, rewarded
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| Boys are more likely to imitate than girls but girls will imitate if they see a ______ model or when they are _______ for behaving aggressively. | girl, reinforced/rewarded
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| In real life most of the aggressive models are male so for that reason perhaps there would be less ____________ imitation | female
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| TV violence is particularly likely to increase violence in children who had some initial violent t____________. So kids who are initially violent were particularly likely to imitate violence seen on TV | tendencies
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| There is a causal relation confirmed by lab studies because children were __________ assigned. This is a good thing about _____ studies | randomly, lab
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| What is the bad thing about lab studies? | you are typically looking at aggression in the short-term. so the questions is 'what about one week later, one month later, 10 years later? Has experience of TV affected the kid long-term?
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| What people have learned form lab studies is that if you punish the aggressor, then there is not much imitation but in TV most of the aggressive behaviour is not ________. Also the victims are rarely shown experiencing any serious ph_________ h______. | punished, physical harm
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| Aggressive children have a greater appetite for violent TV. True of False? | True
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| So there is a cycle of media violence - kids who are initially aggressive have a greater preference for watching ____________ TV. And this watching of violent TV stimulates children to be ______________. So there is a cycle! | violent, aggressive
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| Violent TV also leads to increased hostility in non-aggressive kids but the impact is less or more? severe | less
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| What are the four theories for what media violence might do for children? | 1. Imitation 2. Desensitisation 3. Increase hostile feelings 4. Seeing the world as a violent place
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| Theory1:(Bandura) That aggressive behaviours are learned by __observed models. That preschool/young kids are more likely to imitate because they dont knw they difference btween fiction and __. That they are more likely to imitate if there is no punishment | imitating, reality.
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| Real world study: following the intro of WWF on Israeli TV there was....? | And increase in the amount of playground injuries.
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| Lemish did a study on this WWF effect on Israeli children and found that....? | Over half the principals who responded reported WWF-type fighting had created problems in their schools. Children re-created matches. Almost 1/2 the principals reported that these behaviours caused injuries-broken bones, loss of consciousness & concussion
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| Real world study: following the intro of WWF on Israeli TV there was....? | And increase in the amount of playground injuries.
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| Lemish did this study on this WWF effect on Israeli children and found that....? | Over half the principals who responded reported WWF-type fighting had created problems in their schools. Children re-created matches. Almost 1/2 the principals reported that these behaviours caused injuries-broken bones, loss of consciousness & concussion
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| SO kids dont realise that in the wrestling ring no one really gets hurt because they are _________ and so they think they can also do it and no get ______ | Professionals, hurt
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| Theory 2: The more we see violence around us, the more used to it we become. Desensitisation results in reduced a_______ and e__________ disturbance while witnessing violence. | .
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| Theory 2 continued... Watching violent TV might make childrne be able to t_________ it in others and to behave aggressively. Watching violent TV might increase or reduce? guilt associated with behaving aggressively. | tolerate, reduce
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| Study found that after watching the Karate Kid (violent) took l__________ to seek help from researcher when watching younger children, compared to those children who watched the __________. What does this suggest? | longer, summer Olympics. Suggests that there is desensitisation --> so this is evidence for desensitisation
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| Theory 3: Study showed how watching violent TV leads to an increase in h_________. They got adults to complete hostility test before and after movie (either violent action or non violent drama). What did they find? | Prior to movie those entering action movie scored higher in hostility than those attending drama movie and afterwards, those who viewed action movie had even higher levels of hostility than before watching the action movie. --> so there is a cycle
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| From this study they concluded that violent, hostile people are more a____________ to media violence and watching media violence i__________ violence and hostility. Also that individuals who watched the drama movie had low or high? levels of hostility. | attracted, increases, low
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| Theory 4: Watching violence will change the way the child views the _____. They will think everyone is out to get them. It changes their perception of the world | world
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| Theory4 continued:Children exposed to violent TV world as more frightening/violent, are less t____ of others, are more likely to interpret others actions as h___,more likely to behave aggressive in r____ & more likely to carry ___ as fear of being victim. | trusting, hostile, retaliation, weapon
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| Look over all the ways of reducing aggressive-promoting effects | ...
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