Final notes week 3 PHM 115
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| What is an antibiotic? | a naturally occuring substance produced by one organism that is capable of destorying or inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
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| What is bactericidal? | agents that destroy.
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| What is bacteriostatic? | slows the growth.
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| Who is the host? | YOU!
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| Penicillins, cephalosporins, cabapenems and monobactams are what? | B-lactam antibiotics that inibit cell was synthesis.
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| What are the 5 classes of antiinfective agents? | aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, amphenicols, and oxzolidiones.
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| How do the last stated antiinfectives work? | They interfer with the bacterias ability to replicate.
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| Rifampin inhibits what? | Bacterial RNA synthesis.
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| Mechanisms of microbial resistance include what? | Secretion of enzymes that inactivate the antibiotic, modification of the ribosomal target, production of antibiotic-modifying enzymes and mutation that change bacterial transport mechanism
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| Aminoglycosides are effective for treating what? | aerobic gram-negative bacilli, staphylococcus, and mycobacterium.
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| Topical aminoglycosides are prescribed for the treatment of what? | blepharitis and conjuctivitis.
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| Aminoglycosides inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. T or F? | True!
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| Aminoglycosides are administered before what? | colorectal surgery.
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| Serious adverse reactions include what two things? | ototoxicity (hearing loss) and nephrotoxicity (kidney damage)
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| A test used to figure out if its gram negative or gram positive is what? | Gram-stain test.
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| What are the generations of Cephs? | 1st, 2nd, 3rd.
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| 1st generations are most effective against what? | gram +
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| 2nd generation? | Both gram + and gram -
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| 3rd generation? | gram negative and anaerobic bacteria.
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| What routes of aministration are used for Cephs? | oral, IM and IV. One 3rd generation is parenterally.
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| Fluoroquinolones inhibit what? | enzyme DNA gyrase.
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| Fluroquinolones are formulated for what routes? | oral, opthmalmic and parenteral.
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| The FDA in 2007 did what? | required package labels for telithromycin to indicate that the drug is contraindicated in individuals with myasthenia gravis due to risk of fatal respiratory failure.
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| Linezolid is a new antiinfective agent that is indicated for the treatment of gram + bacterial pneumonia and skin structuce infections. It is limited due to what? | side effects and in order to the limit the development of bacterial resistance.
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| Linezolid does what? | inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
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| Oral penicillins are used to treat what? | upper resp, otitis media, skin and strep.
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| Ampicillin is used to treat what? | PID
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| What are the differences between penicillins and carbapenems? | P inhibit the synthesis of the cell wall. C inhibit the 3rd step in bacterial cell wall synthesis.
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| GI side effects are the most common adverse reaction with what? | Penicillins.
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| Sulfonamides are the earliest what? | antiinfective agents.
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| Tetracyclines do what? | inhibit protein synthesis.
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| Isoniazid is used for what? | TB
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| Chloramphenicol is what? | A broad spectrum antiifective.
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| Clindamycin is used for what? | Acne and vaginosis.
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