Patho Terminology 1
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| PATHOLOGY | 1) PATHOLOGY – The study of changes in cell/tissue structure related to disease or death.
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| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | The study of how disease affects body function
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| HEALTH | Having the ability to maintain homeostasis when exposed to normal conditions.
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| DISEASE | Being unable to maintain homeostasis when exposed to normal conditions.
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| ETIOLOGY | The study of the cause of a disease
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| GENETIC | A disease, condition, or trait that is inherited as a result of a single gene.
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| CONGENITAL | A disease, condition, or trait that is present at birth.
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| ACQUIRED | A disease, condition, or trait that developed because of being exposed to something during your life.
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| IDIOPATHIC | Without a clearly identified cause.
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| SIGNS | Evidence of disease that is objective and can be seen, measured, or recorded.
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| SYMPTOMS | Evidence of a disease that is subjective and cannot be seen, measured, or recorded.
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| PATHOGENESIS | The events that lead to the development of a disease and the signs and symptoms that occur as the disease progresses.
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| ACUTE | A disease that develops and resolve rapidly.
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| CHRONIC | A disease that develops gradually and last 3 months or longer.
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| REMISSION | The lessening in severity of the symptoms of a disease.
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| EXACERBATION | An increase in the severity of a disease or any of its signs or symptoms.
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| LOCAL | A condition that is confined to one area.
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| SYSTEMIC | A condition that affects the entire body
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| ENDOSCOPY | A procedure that utilizes a fiber optic camera to view structures inside of the body.
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| RADIODENSITY | The ability of an object to stop or slow radiation.
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| X-RAYS | A visual recording of differences in radiodensity of anatomical structures.
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| CONTRAST X-RAYS | X-rays that utilize a contrast media to increase the radiodensity of selected fluids within the body, producing an image of the structures containing the fluid.
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| ULTRASOUND | A visual recording of differences in the rate of return & intensity of sound waves reflected off of objects within the body.
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| ELECTROCARDIOGRAM | A recording of the electrical activity of the cardiac conduction system.
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| ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM | A recording of the electrical activity of the brain, most often recording the cerebral cortex.
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| SPIROMETRY | Any procedure used to measure a persons ability to move air or the capacities of the respiratory system. Often referred to as PFTs (pulmonary function tests)
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| CHEMOTHERAPY | The use of chemicals to kill cells within the body. Two main types of chemotherapy are used – to kill cancer cells or microorganisms.
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| PHARMOCOLOGICAL | The use of drugs to treat disease.
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| PALLIATIVE | Any form of treatment that relieves signs & symptoms without curing a disease. May include the use of medication (such as a decongestant or pain reliever), therapeutic massage, counseling, physical therapy, orthotic devices…
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| PROGNOSIS | A prediction of the likely outcome or consequences of having a disease.
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| SEQUELA | A consequence of a previous disease. (Example: rheumatic heart disease sometimes occurs following a strep infection)
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| COMPLICATIONS | A morbid process or event occurring during a disease that is not an essential part of the disease, although it may result from it. (Example: blindness is a complication often associated with diabetes)
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| TERMINAL | A disease likely to cause death.
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| TRAUMA | The transfer of a harmful amount of energy. The energy may be mechanical, electrical, radiation, or thermal.
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| DEFICIENCY | Lacking in something that is essential. (Vitamin, glucose, protein, oxygen, water, ……)
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| INTOXICATION | Being exposed to a toxic level of something.
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| HYPERTROPHY | To increase in size.
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| ATROPHY | To decrease in size.
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| HYPERPLASIA | An increase in the rate of mitosis and therefore cell number.
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| METAPLASIA | A change in cell or tissue structure.
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| DYSPLASIA | Irregular cell or tissue structure. Often considered a potentially cancerous change.
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| NEOPLASIA | Growth of cells and tissue into new areas, resulting in a tumor. May be benign or malignant.
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| INFLAMMATION | A protective response of tissue to injury or infection. Causes an increase in blood flow and pain in the affected region, as well as leukocytosis.
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| PYROGENS | Chemicals that cause a fever.
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| LEUKOCYTOSIS | An increase in the number of white blood cells to more than 10,000 per mm3. A WBC count of 15,000-25,000 commonly occurs as a result of infection, inflammation, or hemorrhage.
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| EXUDATE | The excess fluid that accumulates at the site of inflammation. Contains a high level of proteins and neutrophils when compared to normal tissue fluid.
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| SEROUS EXUDATE | A thin, clear, watery fluid that accumulates at the site of inflammation.
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| PURULENT EXUDATE | A thick, creamy white or yellow fluid that accumulates at the site of inflammation. Also called pus.
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| SUPPURATIVE INFLAMMATION | A response to injury or infection that leads to the production of pus.
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| REGENERATION | Replacing damaged tissue through the process of mitosis, restoring the tissue to its original condition.
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| REPAIR | Replacing damaged tissue with scar tissue.
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| ADHESIONS | The binding together of two surfaces by scar tissue.
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| KELOID SCARRING | The over production of scar tissue that sometimes occurs in the dermis and subcutaneous layer and results in a mass of scar tissue that is often tender or painful.
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| CONTRACTURE | The shortening of scar tissue over time OR the shortening of muscle tissue as a result of fibrotic changes.
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| STENOSIS | The narrowing of any canal or opening, such as the intestine, a blood vessel, of a heart valve.
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| SCLEROSIS | The process of hardening. Can occur as the result of scar formation or the accumulation of deposits known as plaques.
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| NECROSIS | Tissue death.
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| PRODROMAL STAGE | An early stage in the development of a disease or infection that is characterized by a lack of appetite and lack of energy. The time when a person feels as if they are “coming down with something”.
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| ANAPHYLAXIS | A severe, systemic allergic response that is characterized by vasodilation (which causes a severe drop in blood pressure) and bronchoconstriction (resulting in severe difficulty in breathing).
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| IMMUNOSURVEILLANCE | The immune system’s constant search for an antigen.
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| IMMUNOTOLERANCE | The immune system’s ability to recognize and not attack normally occurring tissues within the body
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| INCUBATION | The development of an infection from the time the infectious organism enters the body until the appearance of the first clinical signs and symptoms.
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| ACUTE STAGE | The time during an infection when clinical signs and symptoms begin to develop
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| BENIGN | A nonmalignant neoplasm.
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| MALIGNANT | A cancerous neoplasm.
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| ANGIOGENESIS | The development of new blood vessels, especially capillaries.
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| TUMOR MARKERS | Proteins produced by tumor cells that can be detected in screening tests of the person’s blood.
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| CARCINOMA | A malignancy that originates in epithelial tissues.
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| SARCOMA | A malignancy that originates in connective tissue.
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| GLIOMA | A malignancy that originates within the tissue of the central nervous system.
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| CARCINOGENESIS | The process of developing a malignant neoplasm.
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| INITIATORS (of Cancer) | Carcinogens that increase the rate of cancer cell production by activating oncogenes.
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| PROMOTERS (of Cancer) | Carcinogens that decrease the body’s ability to find and fight cancer cells by damaging tumor suppressing genes.
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