Environmental Ecology- Human Population and Urbanization
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| Death Rate | Number of deaths per 1000 people
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| Total Fertility Rate | Avg. number of children born to women during reproductive years. (Globally 2.7, developing 2.9)
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| >60 Senior Citizens | 1. Rapid Pop. Decline 2. Economic Problems a. Lower gov't budget b. Med. probs (Medicare-$) (Medicade >65) c. Social Security 3. Social Problem a. Experienced labor and technical support
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| Reasons for Trend | 1. Better food/nutrient sources 2. Good medical/support services 3. Improved sanitation 4. Improved water supplies 5. Life expectancy- 68, 77
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| World Population | 7+ Billion
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| Trends of Urbanization | 1. Number and sizes of urban population increasing (79% US pop, 51% world) 2. Faster in developing countries 3. Poverty becoming more urbanized 4. Urban sprawl takes up countryside
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| Trend | In US rapid population growth is primarly due to lower death rates than increased birth rate.
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| Factors and decisions that affect birth rate | 1. Children part of workforce- generate $ 2. Cost of raising & edu children- $ 3. Availability of pension systems 4. Urbanization- dev of family planning services 5. Edu & Emp opp for women 6. Age at marriage 7. Legal abortions 8. Rel beliefs/trad
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| Urbanization Advantages | 1. Centers of Economic, Educational, Technological, and Employment development
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| Factors on why people move areas | 1. Religious Persecution 2. Conflicts & Wars 3. Political Reasons 4. Environmental/Pollution
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| Population Growth Trends of Developing Countries | 1. Show growth rate trends tend to decline. a. Fam. Planning services b. Women edu & workplace c. China- One Policy, gov't intervention Conquences- Lack of scientists & engineers, lack of financial capital, large debts to developed countries
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| Trend: Infant Mortality | Best measure of quality of life in a nation
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| U.S. Population Trends | 1900- 76 M 2007- 302 M 2009- 307+ M 2050- 439 M 2180- 571 M
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| Population Change | (Births + Immigration)-(Deaths + Emigration) geographically 1. China 1.6B 2. India 1.1B 3. USA 307M
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| Baby Boom Age | 1946-1964 1945 WWII ended Represents 36% of US population
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| Population Age Structure | Distrubution of males and females according to age groups >60 senior citizens (36%) <15 youth (27%)
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| Birth Rate | Number of live births/1000 women
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| Demographics | The study of human population trends
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| Replacement Level Fertility Rate | Number of children born to a woman during her lifetime
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| Urbanization | Movements of populations to edges of cities
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