Pharm Endocrine
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thyroid Gland regulation | T3(active) and T4 -- stimulation of energy use (calorigenic), stimulation of heart (increases HR and blood flow), promote growth and development
🗑
|
||||
| hypothyroidism | not enough thyroid hormone, can occur at any age, maternal (retardation, cretinism)
🗑
|
||||
| causes of hypothyroidism | malfunction of thyroid, autoimmune (Hashimotos), surgical removal of thyroid, insufficient iodine diet
🗑
|
||||
| symptoms of hypothyroidism | fatigue, lethargy, intolerance to cold, bradycardia, myxedema
🗑
|
||||
| Levothyroxine (Synthroid) | synthetic prep of T4, converts to T3, highly protein bound, half life 7 days (longer), concentration at steady state (~1month)
🗑
|
||||
| Liothyronine (Cytomel) | synthetic prep of T3, more potent but shorter half life, higher cost, and increased cardiotoxicity
🗑
|
||||
| thyroid hormone replacement- adverse effects | tachycardia, tremor, nervousness, insomnia
🗑
|
||||
| Hyeprthyroidism forms | Graves Disease (autoimmune) and Toxic nodular goiter (Plummers disease)
🗑
|
||||
| Graves Disease | thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSIs)- autoantibodies that mimic TSH effects- overstimulates the thyroid
🗑
|
||||
| Plummer's disease (nodular goiter) | result of thyroid autonomy (nodules create thyroid hormone independent of TSH stimulation)
🗑
|
||||
| Symptoms of hyperthyroidism | tachycardia, irritability, nervousness, heat intolerance, goiter, exopthalmos (protrusion of eyeballs) in Grave's disease
🗑
|
||||
| Methimazole (Tapazole) | suppression of thyroid hormone synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| Propylthiouracil (PTU) | 2nd line, suppresses thyroid hormone synthesis (shorter half life than methimazole)
🗑
|
||||
| Beta Blockers for hyperthyroidism | suppress tahcycardia and other symtpoms
🗑
|
||||
| Radioactive iodine | destroys thyroid tissue- but hypothyroidism occur in 80% (1st choice in elderly and post menopausal)
🗑
|
||||
| non radioactive iodine (Lugol's solution) | at high concentrations, iodide suppresses thyroid
🗑
|
||||
| Surgical removal of thyroid tissue | 80-90% will require supplementation
🗑
|
||||
| Growth Hormone (somatropin) | promote growth, promotes protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism
🗑
|
||||
| Therapeutic uses of Growth hormone (somatropin) | IM or SubQ- pediatric GH deficiency, Pediatric short stature, adult GH deficiency, sports "doping"
🗑
|
||||
| Somatostatin | inhibitor of growth hormone (synthetic form is Sandostatin)
🗑
|
||||
| Adverse effects of Growth hormone | edema, musculoskeletal pain, hyperglycemia
🗑
|
||||
| Prolactin | stimulates milk production after giving birth
🗑
|
||||
| hypersecretion of prolactin (female) | amenorrhea, galatorrhea, infertility
🗑
|
||||
| hyeprsecretion of prolactin (male) | libido and potency reduced (lowers testosterone), galactorrhea
🗑
|
||||
| Cabergoline (Dostinex) | dopamine agonist, suppression of prolactin release
🗑
|
||||
| Oxytocin | promotes uterine contractions during labor, stimulate milk ejection during breast feeding
🗑
|
||||
| Pitocin | synthetic oxytocin, used to induce labor near term
🗑
|
||||
| Desmopressin | agent of choice to treat diabetes insipidus (ADH deficiency)- long duration of action
🗑
|
||||
| Therapeutic uses of desmopressin | diabetes insipidus, cardiac arrest (enhance CPR), nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting)
🗑
|
||||
| adrenal medulla | releases catecholaminesin coordination with SNS
🗑
|
||||
| adrenal cortex | produces steroid hormones
🗑
|
||||
| 3 classes of adrenocortical hormones (steroid hormones) | 1) glucocorticoids
2) mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
3) Androgens (androstenedione)
🗑
|
||||
| Metabolic effects of Glucocorticoids (cortisol) | carbohydrate metabolism (promote glucose availability), protein metabolism, fat metabolism, maintain integrity of vascular system, promote renal sodium and water retention
🗑
|
||||
| Pharmacologic Effects of glucocorticoids | antiinflammatory at high doses in therapy of non endocrine diseases (rheumatoid arthritic, lupus, IBD, others), immunosuppressant effects
🗑
|
||||
| Cushing's Syndrome | adrenal hormone excess; caused by hypersecretion of ACTH, hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoid therapy in large doses
🗑
|
||||
| symptoms of Cushing's syndrome | obesity, moon face, buffalo hump, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, hypertension, fluid and electrolyte disturbances
🗑
|
||||
| Treatment of Cushing's syndrome | surgical removal of adrenal gland, aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone), Mifepristone
🗑
|
||||
| Mifepristone (Korlym) | cortisol receptor blocker; high daily dose treatment of hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism in adults with endogenous cushing's syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| Off label indications of Mifepristone | emergency contraception, spontaneous abortion- in combo with misoprostol = abortion < 49 days of pregnancy.
🗑
|
||||
| Adverse effects of Mifepristone | reproductive (abnormal bleeding), CV (HTN,edema)
🗑
|
||||
| Addison's Disease | adrenal hormone deficiency
🗑
|
||||
| symptoms of addison's disease | weakness, emaciation, hypoglycemia, increased pigmentation of skin and mucous membranes
🗑
|
||||
| Treatment of Addisons disease | replacement therapy with adrenocorticoids, hydrocortisone, mineralcorticoid replacement (Florinef)
🗑
|
||||
| Florinef- MOA | binds to aldosterone receptor; mineralcorticoid property and glucocorticoid activity- retains sodium and excretes potassium
🗑
|
||||
| Florinef- indications | Addison's disease, adrenogenital disorder
🗑
|
||||
| Florinef- adverse effects | edema, hyperglycemia, decreased body growth
🗑
|
||||
| Long term therapy with glucocorticoids- problem | therapy >2 weeks- adrenal suppression by negative feedback regulation
🗑
|
||||
| adverse effects of glucocorticoids | adrenal insufficiency with long term therapy, susceptibility to infection, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, fluid and electrolyte disturbance, edema, hypokalemia, cardiac enlargement, hypertension, myopathy, muscle weakness, PUD, growth retardation, Cushings
🗑
|
||||
| short to medium acting glucocorticoid | Hydrocortisone (cortef)
🗑
|
||||
| Intermediate Acting glucocorticoids | prednisone, methylprednisolone, triacinolone (Kenalog)
🗑
|
||||
| Long acting glucocorticoids | dexamethasone (Dex Pax)
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
alexadianna
Popular Nursing sets