leukemia
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| What is leukemia | A cancer that originates in the bone marrow from a single cell and multiples affecting healthy blood cells
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| How does acute and chronic differ? | Acute are undifferentiated immature blast cells and have a short survival time and chronic mature nonfunctional cells with longer survival rate
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| What is the difference between myeloid and lymphoid cells? | Myeliod turn into functional RBCs, PLTs, WBCs and lymphoids make t-cells or b-cells
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| What genetic factors are associated w leukemia? | trisomy 21 (downs) and kliefelter's syndrome (XXY)
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| What other factors are associated w leukemia? | virus (Epstein Bar, HIV), radiation, Drugs (chemo), chemicals (solvents, benzenes)
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| What labs are associated w leukemia? | anemia (>4.5), neutropenia (>1,700), thromobocytopenia (>150,000), hyperuricemia (<6.8), increased LDH (<115)
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| How is a cytogenic analysis taken? | through bone marrow
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| What are S/S of neutropenia? | fever, abd pain, resp infection, perrectal abscess, mucositis, adenopathy
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| What are S/S of thrombocytopenia? | petchiae, purpura, bleeding, gums, epitaxis, retinal hemorrhage, intracranial bleed
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| What are S/S of anemia? | Pallor, dyspnea, fatigue, maliaise
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| What are S/S of leukemia infiltrates? | HA, splenomeagaly, hepatomeagaly, pain and swelling in joints, lyphadenopathy
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| What are the primary goals of treatment? | hematopoesis, eliminate residula dz, treat extramedullary sites, suppress resistant clones
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| What are the options for systemic treatment? | chemo, target, and immunotherpay
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| How does acute treatment start and end? | Starts with remission induction chemo and ends with post-remission consolidation
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| What leukemia uses CNS prophylaxis via intrathecal? | ALL
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| Which leukemia uses stem cell transplant? | AML, CLL
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| Which leukemmia does a watchful waiting? | CLL
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| Which leukemia uses target therapy indefinitely? | CML
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| Which leukemia has auer rods? | AML
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| What factors make a PT more at risk for a poor prognosis? | previous chemo or radiation, <70, WBC<100,000, previous blood disorder, infection, M5, or poor cytogenetics
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| What is the goal for AML? | Bone marrow supression
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| When is a bone marrow aspiration done? | day 14
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| What determines if "remission?" | <5%
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| When is a bone marrow aspiration repeated? | 3-4 weeks post induction
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| What is used during relapse of AML? | Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg)
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| What is distinct of Leukemia M3? | contains promyelocytes, 40% in DIC
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| What made Leukemia M3 have a much better prognosis? | all-transretinoic acid (ATRA)
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| How many consolidation cycles does APL have to go through? | 2
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| What are the three stages for CML? | chronic, accelerated and blast crisis
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| What are the S/S of chronic phase? | pallor, night sweats, fatigue, dyspnea, anemia, anorexia, wt loss, sternal tenderness, fullness, abd distension
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| What are the S/S of accelerated phase? | chronic S/S + fever, hepatomeagaly, hypermetabolism, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy
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| What is the survival rate expectancy of accelerated phase? | one year
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| What are the nursing priorities for a neutropenic pt? | watch for fever, ATB, ATF, cultures, CXR
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| what nincreases the risk of leukocytosis? | WBCs <50,000
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| What are the consequences of hyperurecimia? | gout like symptoms, renal obstruction, kidney failure
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| What are the treatments for hyperuricemia? | allopurinol, hydration, and alkalization of urine
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| Where to most lymphomas arise from? | b-cells
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| What type of cells do Hodgkins lymphoma have? | Reed-sternberg cells
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| What grade is Burkitts? | high grade, agressive
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| Which is more common? NHL or HL? | NHL
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| What are the risk factors of HL? | Epstein Bar, HIV, Mono, same sex siblings
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| What are the risk factors for NHL? | hair dying, asbestos, rubber production, radiation, EBV, H.pylori
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| Where do lymphadenopathies occur in HL? | cervical, subclavicular, and medistinal
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| Where to lymphadenopathies occur in NHL? | Extranodule
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| Watchful waiting is associated with which, NHL? or HL? | NHL
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