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Pathology

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Question
Answer
What is the most common confenital cardiac lesions?   left-to-right shunts  
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- permits mixing of blood from system and pulmonary circulations as a result of nonclosure of the foramen ovale after birth   atrial septal defect  
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What is the most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease?   Tetralogy of Fallot  
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Constirction of the aorta at the distal arch is called?   coarctation of the aorta  
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What causes ischemic heart disease as a result of decreased oxygen to the myocardium?   coronary artery disease  
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- a general term describing any hardening ( and loss of elasticity) of medium or large arteries   artericosclerosis  
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-hardening of an artery sepcifically due to an atheromatous plaque   atherosclerosis  
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Death of myocardial cells caused by a lack of blood supply is known as?   myocardial infarction  
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- the inability of the heart to propel blood at a rate and volume sufficient to provide an adequate supply to the tissues   congestive heart failure  
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- abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular pulmonary tissues   pulmonary edema  
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What is the leading cause of strokes and CHF?   hypertension  
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What is considered high blood pressure?   systolic above 140 and diastolic above 90  
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What does COPD stand for?   Cronic obstructive pulomary disease  
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- an area of an artery in which the walls are dilated   aneurysm  
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- dilation or bulging on only one side of the arterial wall   saccular aneurysm  
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- when the entire circumference of the vessel wall is bluging   fusiform aneurysm  
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- the disruption of the intima allowing blood to flow between the layers of the wall   aortic dissection  
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- intravascular clot   thrombus  
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- piece of a blood clot that enters the bloodstream   embolism  
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- an accumlation of fluid in the membrane surrounding the heart   pericardial effusion  
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- major source of fatal pulmonary emboli   deep vein thrombosis  
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- decrease in the amt of oxygen carrying hemoglobin in the blood   anemia  
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What is the most common cause of an iron deficiency?   anemia  
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- caused by defective red blood cells with a shortened life span   hemolytic anemia  
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- a type of hemolytic anemia predominantly in italians, greek and sicilian descent   thalassemia  
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- failure of bone marrow to function   aplastic anemia  
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- a nepolastic proliferation of white blood cells   leukemia  
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- neoplasms of the lymph nodes, the spleen, and the lymphoid tissues of the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and skin   lymphomas  
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What can cause infectious mononucleosis?   Epstein-Barr virus  
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- an inherited anomaly in blood coagulation that appears clinically only in males   hemophilia  
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