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cardiovascular & hem
Pathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the most common confenital cardiac lesions? | left-to-right shunts |
| - permits mixing of blood from system and pulmonary circulations as a result of nonclosure of the foramen ovale after birth | atrial septal defect |
| What is the most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease? | Tetralogy of Fallot |
| Constirction of the aorta at the distal arch is called? | coarctation of the aorta |
| What causes ischemic heart disease as a result of decreased oxygen to the myocardium? | coronary artery disease |
| - a general term describing any hardening ( and loss of elasticity) of medium or large arteries | artericosclerosis |
| -hardening of an artery sepcifically due to an atheromatous plaque | atherosclerosis |
| Death of myocardial cells caused by a lack of blood supply is known as? | myocardial infarction |
| - the inability of the heart to propel blood at a rate and volume sufficient to provide an adequate supply to the tissues | congestive heart failure |
| - abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular pulmonary tissues | pulmonary edema |
| What is the leading cause of strokes and CHF? | hypertension |
| What is considered high blood pressure? | systolic above 140 and diastolic above 90 |
| What does COPD stand for? | Cronic obstructive pulomary disease |
| - an area of an artery in which the walls are dilated | aneurysm |
| - dilation or bulging on only one side of the arterial wall | saccular aneurysm |
| - when the entire circumference of the vessel wall is bluging | fusiform aneurysm |
| - the disruption of the intima allowing blood to flow between the layers of the wall | aortic dissection |
| - intravascular clot | thrombus |
| - piece of a blood clot that enters the bloodstream | embolism |
| - an accumlation of fluid in the membrane surrounding the heart | pericardial effusion |
| - major source of fatal pulmonary emboli | deep vein thrombosis |
| - decrease in the amt of oxygen carrying hemoglobin in the blood | anemia |
| What is the most common cause of an iron deficiency? | anemia |
| - caused by defective red blood cells with a shortened life span | hemolytic anemia |
| - a type of hemolytic anemia predominantly in italians, greek and sicilian descent | thalassemia |
| - failure of bone marrow to function | aplastic anemia |
| - a nepolastic proliferation of white blood cells | leukemia |
| - neoplasms of the lymph nodes, the spleen, and the lymphoid tissues of the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and skin | lymphomas |
| What can cause infectious mononucleosis? | Epstein-Barr virus |
| - an inherited anomaly in blood coagulation that appears clinically only in males | hemophilia |
Created by:
erikasmith28
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