Basic Vocab for Logic 110 A Concise Introduction to Logic (Hurley)
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| Logic | Organized body of knowledge that evaluates arguments
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| Argument | A line of reasoning compsed of statements called premises offered in support of another statement, called the conclusion.
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| Premises | statements that set forth reasons or evidence in an attempt to support a conclusion
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| Statement | sentence that is either true or false
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| Conclusion | Statement that evidence is claimed to support or imply ; statement that is claimed to follow premises
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| Conditional Statement | An ïf... then..." statement; an assertion that if if the antecedent is true, then so is the consequent
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| Deductive Argument | Aims to prove a conclusion with absolute certainty
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| Inductive Argument | Aims to prove a conclusion beyond resonable doubt
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| Valid | A deductive argument who's premises fit the conclusion; i.e. if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true
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| Invalid | A deductive
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| Sound | A deductive argument that is valid and has true premises
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| Unsound | A deductive argument that is valid but has false premises
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| Strong | An inductive argument who's premises fit the conclusion; i.e. if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true
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| Weak | An inductive argument that is structurally unsound. The premises do not fit the conclusion.
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| Cogent | An inductive argument that is strong and has true premises
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| Uncogent | An inductive argument that is strong but does not have true premises
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| Syllogism | Line of reasoning made up of 2 premises and a conclusion
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| Counterexample | A method for
proving invalidity; consists of constructing
a substitution instance having
true premises and false
conclusion
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| Vertical Pattern | The premise directly supports the conclusion; a conclusion of a logically prior argument
becomes a premise of a subsequent argument
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| Horizontal Pattern | Multiple premises lead to one conclusion; these premises do not rely or relate to each other
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| Conjoint | the premises depend on one another
in such a way that if one were omitted, the support that the others provide would
be diminished or destroyed. Often use if/then statements
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| Multiple Conclusion | One premise leading to multiple conclusions
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