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Logic 110 basic voca
Basic Vocab for Logic 110 A Concise Introduction to Logic (Hurley)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Logic | Organized body of knowledge that evaluates arguments |
| Argument | A line of reasoning compsed of statements called premises offered in support of another statement, called the conclusion. |
| Premises | statements that set forth reasons or evidence in an attempt to support a conclusion |
| Statement | sentence that is either true or false |
| Conclusion | Statement that evidence is claimed to support or imply ; statement that is claimed to follow premises |
| Conditional Statement | An ïf... then..." statement; an assertion that if if the antecedent is true, then so is the consequent |
| Deductive Argument | Aims to prove a conclusion with absolute certainty |
| Inductive Argument | Aims to prove a conclusion beyond resonable doubt |
| Valid | A deductive argument who's premises fit the conclusion; i.e. if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true |
| Invalid | A deductive |
| Sound | A deductive argument that is valid and has true premises |
| Unsound | A deductive argument that is valid but has false premises |
| Strong | An inductive argument who's premises fit the conclusion; i.e. if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true |
| Weak | An inductive argument that is structurally unsound. The premises do not fit the conclusion. |
| Cogent | An inductive argument that is strong and has true premises |
| Uncogent | An inductive argument that is strong but does not have true premises |
| Syllogism | Line of reasoning made up of 2 premises and a conclusion |
| Counterexample | A method for proving invalidity; consists of constructing a substitution instance having true premises and false conclusion |
| Vertical Pattern | The premise directly supports the conclusion; a conclusion of a logically prior argument becomes a premise of a subsequent argument |
| Horizontal Pattern | Multiple premises lead to one conclusion; these premises do not rely or relate to each other |
| Conjoint | the premises depend on one another in such a way that if one were omitted, the support that the others provide would be diminished or destroyed. Often use if/then statements |
| Multiple Conclusion | One premise leading to multiple conclusions |