Hurst Review Pharmacology for new nurses
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| What is the DOC for children and adolescents for fever? | show 🗑
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| What is Tylenol indicated for? | show 🗑
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| show | -known liver disease
-pt consuming ETOH on a regular bases
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| What does Tylenol do to Warfarin? | show 🗑
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| show | -AST, ALT and Bilirubin
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| What is the antidote to Tylenol? | show 🗑
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| show | -Mild to moderate pain especially with INFLAMMATION
-Fever
-Anticoagulant (reduce risk of MI, STROKE, COLORECTAL CA)
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| show | YES
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| What is the most serious Adverse Effect of ASA? | show 🗑
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| If taking ASA, what should you do if preparing for surgery? | show 🗑
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| show | Through the urine
-may effect urine testing for glucose and VMA (vanillymandelic acid)
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| show | -In children and adolescences due to risk of Reye's Syndrome
-1 week before surgery
-Vit K deficency
-Peptic Ulcer disease
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| If you have Peptic Ulcer Disease or Vit K deficiency what analgesic is contraindicated? | show 🗑
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| What class is ASA in? | show 🗑
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| show | Analgesic, Antipyretic
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| What ar some common NSAID's? | show 🗑
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| What are NSAID's used for? | show 🗑
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| show | GI complains including GI bleeding
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| show | Food or Milk
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| What dz are NSAID's contraindicated in? | show 🗑
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| show | Renal Function
Urine Output
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| show | Pt with a hx of
-Heart Failure
-HTN
-MI
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| What class is Cleecoxib (Celebrex) in? | show 🗑
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| show | Acute PAIN especially with Multiple Types of ARTHRITIS
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| show | -GI complains
-HA
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| show | Serious Thrombotic events
-MI
-STROKE
-Hepatotxicity with long-term use
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| WHat SE can Celbrex have? | show 🗑
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| show | Opiod Analgesics
-Theraputic Class: does NOT have abuse potential and is not scheduled drug
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| What is Tramadol (Ultram) used for? | show 🗑
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| What are the adverse effects of Tramadol? | show 🗑
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| What is Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) used for? | show 🗑
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| What are the serious Adverse Effects of Hydromorphone? | show 🗑
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| show | Constipation
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| What is used as a antidote or OD treatment of Hydromorphone, Morphine, Merpeidine (Demerol), Fentanyl? | show 🗑
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| What is Morphine Sulfate (Duramorph, MS Contin, DepoDur) used for? | show 🗑
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| What is the most serious Adverse Effect of Morphine? | show 🗑
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| show | Consitpation (commonly severe with maintenance dose)
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| show | Causes peripheral VASODILATION which can cause ORTHOSTATIC HYPOtension
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| Should you use Morphine in a pt with GI obstruction? | show 🗑
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| What are some commonly abuse opiods? | show 🗑
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| What is Merperidine (Demerol) used for? | show 🗑
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| show | Merperidine (Demerol)
- bc it does NOT delay uterine contractions and causes less neonatal re
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| show | -Respiratory Depression
-Drowsiness
-dizziness
-Nausea
-Vomiting
-Constipation
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| What type of pt should Merperdine be used with caution? | show 🗑
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| show | Hepatic or Renal Disease
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| What is Fentanyl used for? | show 🗑
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| show | -Constipation
-Dizziness
-EUPHORIA
-HYOPtension
-bradycardia
-Respiratory Depression
-CIRCULATORY DEPRESSION
-CARDIAC ARREST
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| show | -Mild to Moderate Pain (MM)
-ANTITUSSIVE and COUGH SUPRESSANT (low dose minimal risk for abuse)
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| What is the advantage of using Codeine as opposed to other opiods? | show 🗑
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| show | -Constipation
-Dizziness
-Drowsiness
-EUPHORIA
-HYOPtension
-bradycardia
-PURITIS
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| What do all these drugs have in common: Vicodin, Lortab, Percodan, Percocet, Oxycontin? | show 🗑
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| What do you need to monitor for when a pt is on long term use of acetomenphine or acetaminophen combo drugs | show 🗑
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| show | ABX- gram NEGATIVE infections (SEVERE)
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| What I need to know about aminoglycosides? | show 🗑
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| show | Fever and Tinitis
(Ototoxic, Nephrotoxic, pain at site, dizziness)
common: supra infection, rash, anaphlaxis
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| What do all these drugs have in common: Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Neomycin, Streptomycin? | show 🗑
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| show | Tx of TB
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| What are Cephlosporins used for? | show 🗑
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| When are Cephlosporins contraindicated? | show 🗑
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| show | The higher the generation the greater the gram NEGATIVE coverage
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| What is different about 1st and 2nd generation Cephlosporins? | show 🗑
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| show | Bleeding tendencies (monitor PT)
Thrombophlepitis
(pain and swelling at site)
common: supra infection, rash(usually), anaphylaxis, GI (usually)
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| What do all the Cephlosporin drugs start with? | show 🗑
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| What are Macrolides used for? | show 🗑
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| show | On an empty stomach
-gastric acid and acidic juices destroy med
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| show | Pt with known LIVER DISEASE
-increased liver function tests with prolonged use
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| What are Adverse Rxns specific to Macrolides? | show 🗑
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| show | Aminoglycocides and Macrolides and Vancomycin
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| show | Aminoglycosides and Vancomycin
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| What ABX group is Hepatotoxic? | show 🗑
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| show | GI complaints, supra infection, anaphalxis, Rash
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| show | ABX-gram POSITIVE
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| show | CILLIN
Ex: AmpiCILLIN (Principen)
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| show | AMINOGLYCOSIDES (may inactivate)
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| What are the Adverse effects of PENICILLIN? | show 🗑
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| How should you administer PENICILLINS? | show 🗑
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| show | Renal Pt
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| show | ABX- gram NEGATIVE, some gram POSITIVE
Generally NOT 1st line ABX
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| show | Antacids, mineral supplements, multivitamins
-interferes with absorption up to 90%
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| show | FLOXACIN
Ex: CiproFLOXAXIN (Cipro, Septra)
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| What are specific Adverse Rxn to Flurquinolones? | show 🗑
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| When is Flurquinolones contraindicated? | show 🗑
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| What is the DOC for anthrax exposure? | show 🗑
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| What do you need to monitor when a pt is taking Flurquinolones? | show 🗑
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| What are Sulfonamides used for? | show 🗑
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| show | 2000-3000/day
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| What are specific Adverse Rxn to Sulfonamiides? | show 🗑
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| show | SULFA
Ex: Sulfamethoxazole
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| show | ABX- BROAD spectrum
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| How should you take Tetracyclines? | show 🗑
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| What can you not take with Tetracyclines? | show 🗑
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| show | During Pregnancy, lactation, and children under 8 years old
-may cause permeant staining of teeth and delayed bone growth
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| show | Photosesetivity and GI disturbances
(phototox, hepatoxicity)
common: supra infection, rash, anaphylaxis, GI
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| What is Vancomycin used for? | show 🗑
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| show | CYCLINE
Ex: Doxicycline (Vibramycin)
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| What are the 2 toxicities to watch for when taking Vancomycin? | show 🗑
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| How should Vanco be administered? | show 🗑
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| show | Red Man Sydrome (flushing, HYPOtension, tachycardia), Chills, Confusion, Seizures
(oto and nephro toxic)
common: rash, GI
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| show | ABX- BROAD spectrum
-used for ORAl infections
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| What are adverse reactions to Clindamycin? | show 🗑
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| What is Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (Synercid) used for? | show 🗑
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| What are the Adverse effects of Synercid? | show 🗑
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| show | ABX- Vanco resistant MRSA infections
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| What type of pt should be cautioned when using Linezolid? | show 🗑
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| What are Antiprotozoals used for? | show 🗑
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| show | May cause dark or reddish brown urine
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| show | Hepatic Disease Pt.
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| show | GI complaints, headache, dizzness, thrombophlebitis, bone marrow suppression.
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| show | Antiprotozoal (nonmalarial)
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| What are types of diseases do Antivirals (non-HIV) help to treat? | show 🗑
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| What kind of drugs are Acycolvir (Zoviarx), Valacyclovir (Valtrex), Famiciclovir (Famvir)? | show 🗑
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| What do all Antiviral Herpes drugs end with? | show 🗑
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| What do Antiviral Herpesvirus durgs do? | show 🗑
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| show | Prophylactic medications-started within 48 hrs after exposure
-prevention of influenza through annual vaccination is the best alternative
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| What do you need to screen for when someone is taking Antiviral Influenza? | show 🗑
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| show | Antivirals for Influenza
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| show | Antiviral Prophylaxis for Influenza
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| What types of drugs are used for the treatment of HEP B? | show 🗑
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| show | Hepatitis B
Adverse Rxn: GI complaints, fatigue, hepatotoxicity
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| show | ALT, AST, and Blood Counts
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| show | Interferons and Antivirals
(Pegasys), Ribavirin (Copegus, Virazole, Rebetol, Ribasphere)
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| show | Fatigue, HA, malaise, anorexia, D, suprainfections, thrombocytopenia, suicidal throughts
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| What kinds of symptoms will you have after IV administration of Hep C medications? | show 🗑
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| How much do you need to increase fluids when you are taking Hep C medications? | show 🗑
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| What are antiretrovirals used for? | show 🗑
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| show | CD4+ Tcell counts
HIV RNA viral load
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| show | Antiretroviral HIV infection- Protease Inhibitors
-SQ site injection reactions most all its
-Resistance develops rapidly
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| What do you need to administer will all Protease Inhibitors? | show 🗑
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| What is contraindicated with Protease Inhibitors? | show 🗑
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| show | GI complaints (specifically severe D), Anemia, Leucopenia, lymphadenopathy, hemorrhagic cloitis and pancreatitis.
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| What do all these drugs have in common: Raltegravir (Isentress), Maracioc (Selzentry), Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)? | show 🗑
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| show | Administer in COMBINATION therapy ONLY!!
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| What are some adverse effects of Fusion and Integrase Inhibitors? | show 🗑
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| show | ALT and AST
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| What are Fusion and Integrase Inhibitors? | show 🗑
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| show | Antiretroviral HIV meds
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| show | NRTI- Antiretrovirals HIV meds
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| What class of drugs are: Efavirenz (Sustiva), Delavidrine (Rescriptor)? | show 🗑
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| What are some adverse effects of Zidovudine or AZT (Retrovir)? | show 🗑
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| What are some adverse effects of NNRTI's? | show 🗑
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| What are Barbituates used for? | show 🗑
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| show | Sedation effects (drowsiness, lethargy, dizziness, HA, hangover effect), RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION and MENTAL DEPRESSION
-may interfere with REM sleep
-caution with elderly may increase risk of falls
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| What class do Phenobarbital (Luminal). Secobarbital (Seconal), and Pentobarbital (Nembutal) belong in? | show 🗑
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| What are Benzodiasepines used for? | show 🗑
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| show | They do not produce life-threateing respiratory depression or coma if taken in excessive amts.
-less physical dependence than barbiturates
SAME ADVS FX AS BENZO except R depression + memory impairment
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| show | CNS Depressant- Benzodiazapine (sedative hypnotic and anxiety)
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| What class do Diazepam (Valium) and Clonazepam (Klonopin) belong to? | show 🗑
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| show | CNS Depressant- Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
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| show | Barbituates, Benzos, and Skeletal Muscle Relaxant
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| show | Dizziness, Drowsiness, fatigue, lightheadedness, dry mouth, hypertension, bradycarida, edema of the tongue, anaphylaxis and muscle weakness
-Hepatoxicity with long term Dantrolene (Dantrium) use
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| What are Lioresal (Baclofen) and Dantrolene (Dantrium) indicated for? | show 🗑
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| show | CNS Depressant- Anti seizure med
-also for etch w/d, acute mania, trigeminal neuralgia
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| What are adverse effects of Carbamzipine (Tegrotol)? | show 🗑
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| What is Gabapentin (Neurontin) used for? | show 🗑
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| show | Drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, increased, frequency of partial seizures, leukopenia
-caution use in elderly
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| What is Valproic Acid (Depakote) used for? | show 🗑
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| show | Drowsiness, weight loss, bone marrow depression, pancreattis, hepatoxicity, Steven Johnson syndrome
-DEEP COMA AND DEATH with OD
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| show | CNS Depressant- Anti seizure med
(unlabeled use- antiarrhythemic)
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| show | Aplastic anemia, agranulocytois, pancytompenia, gingival hyperplasia, Steven Johnson Syndrome, and Hepatitis
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| What is the Black Box Warning for Phenytoin (Dilantin)? | show 🗑
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| What class do Mehtlyphinadate (Ritalin), Amphetamine (Adderall), Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), and Dexmethlpheidate (Focalin) belong to? | show 🗑
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| show | HTN, tachycardia, HA, insomnia, dry mouth, decreased appetite, blurred vision, and anxiety.
-sudden death has been reported with children taking Adderall with structural cardiac abnormalities
-high abuse potential due to stimulant and euphoric effects
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| show | CNS Stimulant- Anorexiant
Used for appetite suppressant (treatment of obesity greater than 27 BMI with HTN, high cholesterol, diabetes, etc,)
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| What are some adverse effects of Phenteramine? | show 🗑
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| show | Non- Stimulant Anorexiant
(Lipase Inhibitor)
-inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipases reducing fat absorption by 30%
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| What are some common adverse effects of Alli? | show 🗑
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| What are are SSRA's used for? | show 🗑
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| What are some adverse effects of SSRA's? | show 🗑
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| show | Triptans and Ergot Alkaloids
- Ergot Alkaloids used when Triptains are ineffective
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| show | CAFFEINE
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| show | DIURETIC
-Adverse effects: nervousness, insomnia, irritability, flushing, palpitations and cardiac arrhythmias
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drcady
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