Chemistry Ch. 12-13
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| Moseley solved the problem of the elements that did not fit the pattern according to their properties by arranging them with ______ ______. | atomic number
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| When repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the elements' atomic numbers, it is called the ________ ___. | periodic law
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| In each square of the periodic table in your text, _______ _____ is not included. | melting point
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| Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids according to their __________. | properties
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| The number of _________ in the outer energy level of an atom helps determine which category an element belong in. | electrons
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| Most elements are ______ which can be found to the left of the zigzag line on the periodic table. | metals
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| Most metals are _______, which means that they can be drawn into thin wires. | ductile
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| Most metals are _____ at room temperature. | solids
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| Most metals are malleable. What does this mean? | They can be hammered into thin sheets without breaking.
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| _________ are found to the right of the zigzag line on the periodic table. | Nonmetals
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| Semiconductors, also called __________, are the elements that make up the zigzag line on the periodic table. | metalloids
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| Elements in a _____ often share properties. | group
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| The physical and chemical properties of the elements change across each ______. | period
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| For most elements, the ________ ______ has one or two letters, with the first letter always capitalized. | chemical symbol
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| Horizontal rows of elements on the period table are called ______. | periods
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| Vertical columns of elements on the period table are called ______ or ________. | groups;families
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| Elements in a group or family have similar properties if they have the same number of electrons in their _____ ______ _____. | outer energy level
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| Alkali metals are usually not stored in _____. | water
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| Atoms of ______________ have two outer level electrons. | alkaline-earth
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| Name three alkaline-earth metals. | beryllium, calcium, magnesium
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| Transition metals are not more reactive than ______ and ______________ metals. | alkali;alkaline-earth
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| Two rows of transition metals are place at the bottom of the periodic table to save space. They are called ___________ and _________. | lanthanides;actinides
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| Each element in the nitrogen group has ____ electrons in the outer level. | five
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| Why is oxygen important? | breathe, burn, air
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| The atoms of _______ need to gain only one electron to have a complete outer energy level. | halogens
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| Halogens combine with most metals to form ____ such as ______ ________. | salt;sodium chloride
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| Noble gases do not normally _____ with other elements. | react
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| Hydrogen does not have ___ electrons in its outer energy level. | two
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| What does periodic mean? | repeating pattern
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| Mendeleev's pattern repeated after how many elements? | seven
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| The periodic law says the properties of elements change with ______ ______. | atomic number
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| Since 1914, ___ elements that have been discovered follow the periodic law. | all
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| Most of the elements in the periodic table are ______. | metals
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| More than half of the _________ are gases at room temperature. | nonmetals
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| Metalloids are also called _______________. | semi-conductors
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| Elements such as ___________ are named after places. | californium
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| For most elements, the ________ ______ has one or two letters. | chemical symbol
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| What is the horizontal row called? | period
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| How do you read periods? | from left to right
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| Transition metals are ____ conductors of thermal energy. | good
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| Lanthanides are ________. | reactive
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| Actinides are ___________. | radioactive
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| All elements in the boron group are ________ and solids at room temperature. | reactive
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| The most common element in the boron group is ________, which is used to make airplane parts. | aluminium
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| Compounds of carbon, such as proteins, fats, and _____________, are necessary for life on Earth. | carbohydrates
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| The symbol Sn stands for the metal, ___. | tin
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| Nitrogen can react with _______ to make ammonia. | hydrogen
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| In order for a substance to burn, it needs ______. | oxygen
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| When a halogen reacts with a metal, ____ is made. | salt
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| Hydrogen is located _____ group 1 on the period table. | above
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| Group numbers on the periodic table can help you determine the number of _______ _________. | valence electrons
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| Atoms gain, lost, or share _________ they bond. | electrons
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| How many valence electrons does helium need to have a filled outer energy level? | two
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| ______ ______ is the number of protons in an atom. | Atomic number
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| ________ ____ is an interaction that holds two atoms together. | Chemical bond
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| _______ _________ is an electron in the outer energy level of an atom. | Valence electron
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| _____ _____ are elements that have eight valence electrons and normally do not form chemical bonds. | Noble gases
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| An _____ bond forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another. | ionic
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| Charged particles, called ____, form when atoms gain or lose electrons. | ions
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| When a sodium atom loses its only valence electron, it becomes a _______ ___. | sodium ion
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| What is the charge of an aluminum ion that has 13 protons and 10 electrons? | +3
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| The 3-D pattern that forms when ions bond is called _______ _______. | crystal lattice
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| Most molecules are composed of ___ or more elements. | one
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| Metals can bend without breaking because they contain constantly moving _________. | electrons
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| A ________ bond forms when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. | covalent
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| A ________ is the smallest unit of a substance that still keeps the properties of the substance. | molecule
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| An ____________ _______ model is used to show the valence electrons of an atom. | electron-dot diagram
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| ________ molecules are made of two atoms of the same element. | Diatomic
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| A ________ bond is formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them. | metallic
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| ____________ is the ability of a metal to be hammered into thing sheets. | Malleability
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| Electrons in an atom are organized by ______ ______. | energy levels
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| _______ _________ are the only parts of an atom that make chemical bonds. | Valence electrons
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| Why don't noble gases normally form chemical bonds? | filled outer energy level
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| What allows metals to bond? | overlapping energy levels, constantly moving electrons
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| ________ elements are found in nature as diatomic molecules. | Diatomic
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| ionic bond | electrons are transferred;metal+nonmetal
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| cation | a positively charged ion
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| anion | a negatively charged ion
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| exothermic | the releasing of energy
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| covalent bond | electrons are shared;nonmetal+nonmetal
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| atom | the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same element
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| group 18 | noble gases that have a complete set of electrons
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