Psych 463, Exam 1
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| Number of senses? | 11 (5 basic senses, kinesthesis, weight, temperature, pain, time, & vestibular / balance).
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| Receptor neurons? | Cells specialized for each sense; the first contact point.
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| Transduction? | Transforming energy from one form to another. In the eyes, it involves the rods and cones. In the hearing, it's the hair cells in the inner ear.
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| Psychological v. Physiological analysis? | Psychophysical focuses on stimulus-perception relationship (Weber fraction), while Physiological focuses on stimulus-neuronal relationship (receptive fields).
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| Psychophysics? |
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| Psychophysical Tasks? | 1. Absolute Threshold Detection
2. Difference Threshold Discrimination
3. Stimulus Identification
4. Magnitude Estimation
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| Steven's Power Law? | Perceived Magnitude = KSn
-K is some constant
-S is stimulus intensity
-n is some power (usually less than 1)
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| Weber's Law? | DL / S = K, where
-DL is the Difference Limen / the just-noticeable difference (jnd)
-S is the value of the standard stimulus
-K is a constant that varies from one sensory modality to another.
Weber’s Law breaks down at extremes.
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| Psychophysical Methods? | 1. Method of Adjustment
2. Staircase
3. Yes/No vs. Forced Choice
4 Signal Detection (Proportion of Hits vs. False Alarms)
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| Subjectivity of Psychophysical Methods? | Forced choice eliminates subjective criterion (there is a correct answer). Magnitude estimation is inheriently subjective.
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| Effiency of Psychophysical Methods? | Method of Adjustment is most Efficient, but is subjective. Constant stimuli is least efficient. Forced-choice staircase is a good compromise of efficiency and objectivity. Signal Detection is less efficient, but it does give measures of threshold.
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| Signal Detection? | Either:
1. False Alarm
2. Hit
3. Miss
4. Correct Rejection
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| Detectability? | Related to the ratio of Hits and False Alarms (really difference between normal curves divided by standard deviation).
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| Criterion? | -Related to total number of Yes responses (Hits plus False Alarms)
-Different people may have different criteria
-Can be manipulated by changing payoffs.
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| Perceptual Processes? | -Environmental Stimulus
-Attended Stimulus
-Stimulus on the Receptors
-Transduction
-Processing
-Perception
-Recognition
-Action
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