MedSurge HEART DISORDERS review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk of infective endocarditis is increased by? | recent dental, urologic, surgical, GYN procedures, hx of IV drug abuse, heart disease, cardiac catherization, renal dialysis, infections
🗑
|
||||
| Acute left-sided infective endocarditis is? | a life-threatening form of infective endocarditis
🗑
|
||||
| S/S of acute left-sided infective endocarditis | abrupt onset of CNS complications resulting from embolization from infected valvular vegetations
🗑
|
||||
| Acute left-sided infective endocarditis diagnosis is best confirmed with? | blood cultures
🗑
|
||||
| Transesophageal echocardiograms can identify? | vegetations on valves and are used when blood cultures are negative
🗑
|
||||
| Splinter hemorrhages, manifestation of endocarditis? | black longitudinal streaks in nail beds
🗑
|
||||
| Janeway's lesions, manifestation of endocarditis? | flat, red, painless spots on the palms and soles of feet
🗑
|
||||
| Osler's nodes, manifestation of endocarditis? | painful red or purple lesions on fingers or toes
🗑
|
||||
| Roth's spots, manifestation of endocarditis? | hemorrhagic retinal lesions
🗑
|
||||
| Petechiae, manifestation of endocarditis? | small hemorrhages in conjunctiva, lips, and buccal mucosa
🗑
|
||||
| Pt. with prosthetic mitral valve develops left hemiparesis and visual changes, nurse expects management will be? | surgical replacement of valve
🗑
|
||||
| Usual S/S of pt. with aortic valve endocarditis in 80% of patients? | dyspnea, crackles in lungs, and restlessness
🗑
|
||||
| Vegetative embolization from the aortic valve occurs where in the body? | throughout the arterial system and may affect any organ
🗑
|
||||
| Pulmonary emboli occur in (left / right)-sided endocarditis? | right-sided
🗑
|
||||
| Prevention of endocarditis infection recurrence can be addressed by? | pt. obtaining prophylactic antibiotic therapy before invasive medical and dental procedures
🗑
|
||||
| To establish presence of a pericardial friction rub, nurse listens to pt. chest ...? | with diaphragm to auscultate a high-pitched continuous rumbling sound
🗑
|
||||
| When excess pericardial fluid compresses the heart and prevents adequate diastolic filing, S/S would be? | markedly distended jugular veins, ↓ BP, tachycardia, tachypnea, muffled heart sounds
🗑
|
||||
| Cardiac tamponade is? | pressure on the heart that occurs when blood or fluid builds up in the myocardium and pericardium
🗑
|
||||
| Chronic constrictive pericarditis is manifested by? | fibrin accumulation, a scarred and thickened pericardium and adherent pericardial membranes
🗑
|
||||
| Pulses paradoxus is? | drop in systolic pressure > 10 mm Hg with expiration
🗑
|
||||
| Acute pericarditis may be diagnosed with ECG showing? | diffuse ST segment elevation
🗑
|
||||
| Pt. with acute pericarditis should be positioned? | in Fowler's position with a padded over-the-bed table for patient to lean on
🗑
|
||||
| Medications to help control pericardial pain include? | anti-inflammatory medications, opioids are not usually indicated
🗑
|
||||
| Nurse should question pt. with myocarditis specifically about? | recent viral illness (e.g. fever and malaise)
🗑
|
||||
| Most common cause of myocarditis in the US? | viruses
🗑
|
||||
| The heart has increased sensitivity to the drug _____ in myocarditis. | digoxin; and it is rarely (if ever used)
🗑
|
||||
| Nursing role in prevention of rheumatic fever? | early diagnosis and immediate Tx of group-A streptococcal pharyngitis
🗑
|
||||
| Antibiotics (should / should not) be used to treat viral infections? | should not
🗑
|
||||
| Diagnosis of rheumatic fever is strongly supported in pt. with? | carditis, polyarthritis, erythema marginatum
🗑
|
||||
| Erythema marginatum is described as? | the presence of pink rings on the trunk and inner surfaces of the limbs which come and go for as long as several months
🗑
|
||||
| Antibiotics - use to treat rheumatic fever | eliminate residual group-A heolytic streptococci, prevent spread /recurrence of infection
🗑
|
||||
| Aspirin - use to treat rheumatic fever | anti-inflammatory and arthritic and joint manifestations
🗑
|
||||
| Corticosteriod - use to treat rheumatic fever | anti-inflammatory and severe carditis
🗑
|
||||
| NSAIDs - use to treat rheumatic fever | anti-inflammatory and joint manifestations
🗑
|
||||
| Activity is restricted for pt. with rheumatic heart disease with carditis for how long? | until symptoms of heart failure are controlled; confined to bed
🗑
|
||||
| Valvular stenosis leads to? | ↓blood flood and hypertrophy of preceding chamber
🗑
|
||||
| Valvular stenosis causes? | a pressure gradient difference across an open valve
🗑
|
||||
| Heart valve most commonly affected by stenosis or regurgitation? | mitral valve
🗑
|
||||
| Most common valvular disease in the US is? | mitral valve collapse
🗑
|
||||
| Mitral stenosis, characteristics? | dyspnea, embolization may result from chronic atrial fibrillation
🗑
|
||||
| Acute mitral regurgitation hypertension, characteristics? | rapid development of pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock; rapid onset prevents left chamber dilation
🗑
|
||||
| Cardiogenic shock occurs when? | the heart has been damaged so much that it is unable to supply enough blood to the organs of the body
🗑
|
||||
| Chronic mitral regurgitation, characteristics? | loud pansystolic or holosystolic murmur; brisk carotid pulses present
🗑
|
||||
| Mitral valve prolapse, characteristics? | ballooning of valve into left atrium during ventricular systole
🗑
|
||||
| Aortic stenosis, characteristics? | characteristic systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur; angina and syncope result from ↓ CO
🗑
|
||||
| Acute aortic regurgitation, characteristics? | sudden onset of cardiovascular collapse
🗑
|
||||
| Chronic aortic regurgitation, characteristics? | water-hammer pulses
🗑
|
||||
| Tricuspid valve disease, characteristics? | may be caused by pulmonary HTN; major symptoms related to systemic venous pressures
🗑
|
||||
| Drugs most often prescribed for pts. with mechanical valve placement? | anticoagulants; due to risk of thrombus formation
🗑
|
||||
| Drugs contraindicated for pts. with aortic stenosis? | nitrates; because an adequate preload is necessary to open stiffened aortic valve
🗑
|
||||
| Dysrhythmias frequently cause what S/S? | palpitations, lightheadedness, dizziness > falls risk
🗑
|
||||
| Hypervolemia and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea would be apparent in pt. with? | heart failure
🗑
|
||||
| Percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty is indicated for? | older patients with stenosis of any valve
🗑
|
||||
| The operative mortality rate is (higher / lower) in valve repair than replacement? | lower in valve repair
🗑
|
||||
| Open valve repair is (less / more) precise than closed? | more and requires cardiopulmonary bypass during surgery
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanical prosthetic valves require long-term anticoagulation, and is contraindicated in? | women of childbearing age, pts. at risk for hemorrhage, non-compliant w/anticoagulant therapy
🗑
|
||||
| The greatest risk to a patient who has an artificial valve is the development of? | endocarditis
🗑
|
||||
| The hyperdynamic systolic function creates a diastolic failure in? | hypertropic cardiomyopathy
🗑
|
||||
| Systemic embolization may occur because of stasis of blood in the ventricles in? | dilated cardiomyopathy
🗑
|
||||
| The most uncommon type of cardiomyopathy? | restrictive cardiomyopathy
🗑
|
||||
| Heart transplant is often required in? | dilated cardiomyopathy
🗑
|
||||
| About 1/2 of the cases of _____ _____ have a genetic basis. | hypertropic cardiomyopathy
🗑
|
||||
| No ventricular hypertrophy is found in? | dilated cardiomyopathy
🗑
|
||||
| ECG reveals cardiomegaly with thin venricular walls in? | dilated cardiomyopathy
🗑
|
||||
| Syncope during increased activity resulting from an obstructed aortic valve outflow occurs in? | hypertropic cardiomyopathy
🗑
|
||||
| Infective myocarditis or exposure to toxins or drugs is often follows? | dilated cardiomyopathy
🗑
|
||||
| Surgery to remove myocardial tissue may be indicated for symptoms refractory to treatment in? | hypertropic cardiomyopathy
🗑
|
||||
| Ventricular stiffness is characteristic of? | restrictive cardiomyopathy
🗑
|
||||
| Massive thickening of intraventricular septum and ventricular wall is characteristic of? | hypertropic cardiomyopathy
🗑
|
||||
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is? | a condition in which the heart muscle becomes thick. Often, only one part of the heart is thicker than the other parts
🗑
|
||||
| Restrictive cardiomyopathy refers to ? | changes in and weakening of the heart muscle, which causes the heart to fill poorly, squeeze poorly, or both
🗑
|
||||
| Dilated cardiomyopathy is? | a condition in which the heart becomes weakened and enlarged. As a result, the heart cannot pump enough blood to the rest of the body
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
fluency
Popular Nursing sets