Stack #118514
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| Nares | openings of the nose
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| Conchae | three projections arising from the lateral walls of each nasal cavity
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| Bronchus | one of the two branches formed by division of the trachea
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| Hilum | notch or depression where the bronchus, blood vessels, and nerves enter the lung
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| Bronchiole | small air-conducting tube containing a smooth muscle layer but little or no cartilage
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| Surfactant | substance in the fluid lining the alveoli that prevents their collapse
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| Exhalation | phase of pulmonary ventilation in which air is expelled from the alveoli
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| Inhalation | phase of pulmonary ventilation in which the diaphragm contracts
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| Pleura | serous membrane around each lung
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| Alveoli | the only respiratory structures involved in external gas exchange
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| Tidal volume | amount of air inhaled during a normal breath
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| Compliance | ease with which the lungs and thorax can be expanded
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| Vital capacity | maximun volume of air that can be inhaled after maximum expiration
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| Diffusion | process by which oxygen moves from the blood into tissues
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| Carbon dioxide | substrate for carbonic anhydrase
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| Bicarbonate ion | important blood buffer produced from carbon dioxide
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| Hemoglobin | substance that carries most of the oxygen in the blood
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| Oxygen | gas that is more concentrated in the blood than in metabolically active tissues
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| Hydrogen ion | an ion that renders blood more acidic
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| Hypoxia | lower than normal concentration of oxygen in tissues
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| Dyspnea | symptom of difficult or labored breathing
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| Hydrogen ion | substance that acts directly on the central chemoreceptors to stimulate breathing
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| Hypocapnia | the change in carbon dioxide concentration resulting from hyperventilation
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| Hypoxemia | a lower than normal blood concentration of oxygen
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| Brain stem | location of the central chemoreceptors
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| Hypercapnia | an increase in the blood carbon dioxide concentration
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| Aortic arch | location of a peripheral chemoreceptor
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| Acute coryza | technical name for the common cold, based on the discharge of fluid from the nose
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| Effusion | collection of fluid, as may occur in the pleural space
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| Lobar pneumonia | a bacterial or viral infection that affects an entire lung at once
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| TB | infectious lung disease characterized by the presence of small lung lesions
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| Hay fever | an allergic reaction that affects the upper respiratory tract and eyes
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| Asthma | an allergic reaction that affects the bronchial tubes
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| Croup | a condition in young children in which the airways are constricted as a result of a viral infection
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| Emphysema | destruction of the alveoli of dthe lungs often related to heavy smoking
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| Tracheotomy | an operation to insert a metal or plastic tube into the trachea to serve as an airway for ventilation
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| Bronchoscope | instrument used to inspect the bronchi and their branches
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| Pleurisy | inflammation of the serous membrane covering the lungs
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| Hemothorax | accumulation of blood in the pleural space
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| Atelectasis | scientific term for a collapsed lung
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| Chronic bronchitis | a type of COPD in which the airways are continually inflamed
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| SIDS | scientific term for "crib death"
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| External exchange of gases | Carbon dioxide will diffuse out of blood during the phase of respiration
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| Deviated septum | structural defect of the partition in the nose
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| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | rhythmic abnormality in breathing that is seen in critically ill patients
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| Hay Fever | allergic rhinitis is the medical term
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| An increase in blood carbon dioxide levels would result in what? | more hydrogen ions in the blood
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| Upper respiratory infections: | Croup, RSV, acute coryza
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| Surfactant | substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli
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| Residual volume | amount of air that is always in the lungs, even after a maximal expiration
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| Pneumothorax | presence of air in the pleural space
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| Glottis | space between the vocal cords
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| Pleurisy | inflammation of the membranes around the lungs
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| Partial pressure | term that is used for the pressure of each gas in a mixture of gases
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| Each heme region of a hemoglobin molecule contains an inorganic element called? | Iron
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| Pneumonia | certain diplococci, staphylococci, chlamydias, and viruses may caouse an inflammation of the lungs
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| organism that causes tuberculosis | Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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| nerve that innervates the diaphragm | Phrenic nerve
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| Hypercapnia results in greater blood acidity. | Most oxygen in the blood is carried bound to hemoglobin
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| The wall of an alveolus is made of simple squamous epithelium | Durning internal exchange of gases, oxygen moves down its concentration gradient out of blood.
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| Chemoreceptors | receptors that detect changes in blood gas concentrations
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| The alveoli become filled with exudate in patients suffering from pneumonia. | Inhalation alway involves muscle contraction
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| Polyp | tumor resulting from chronic sinusitis that obstructs air movement
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| Hyperventilation results in a decrease of carbon dioxide in the blood. | (blank)
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