cardiac enzymes
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| CK-MB (careatine kinase, mycocardial muscle) | nl- 0-5% of total; total CK is 26 to 174 units/l, elevation indicates myocardial damage. Eleveation occurs w/in 4-6 hours;peaks 18-24 hrs following acute ischemia attach
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| LDH (lactic dehydrogenase) | nl 140-280 iu/l, elevation occurs 24 hrs following MI & peak in 48-72 hrs. Normally LDH1 is lower than LDH2;when LDH1 is higher than LDH2 the pattern is "flipped" signifiying myocardial necrosis
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| myoglobin | nl results range 0-85ng/ml, O2 binding protein found in cardiac & skeletal muscle Lvls rise w/in 1hr.peaks 4-6 (1st Indicator) returns to nl 24/36 hrs.
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| CBC | RBC, WBC, HCT & HGB
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| Elevated RBC | in conditions characterized by inadequate tissue oxygenation
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| Elevated WBC | needed to dispose of necrotic tissue
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| Low HGB & HCT | indicates anemia
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| Elevated Coagulation Factors | can occur during and after MI, place pt at greater risk of thrombophlebitis & the extension of clots in the coronary arteries
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| Serum Lipids | used to assess the risk of developing CAD measures serum chol, trigs, lipoprotein levels
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| cholesterol level | under 200
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| LDL | less than 130 "lethal" cholesterol
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| HDL | 30-70 healthy cholesterol
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| lipoprotein-a (lp(a)) | modified form of LDL that elevated athersclerotic plaques & elevated clot formation should be less than 30 mg/dl
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| homocysteine | nl less than 14 mmol/dl, an amino acid produced by the body after eating meat, elevated lvls cause atherosclerosis & excessive blood clotting
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| C-reactive protein (CRP) | less than 1 low risk higher than 3 risk for heart dz, detects an inflammatory process associated with the development of atherothrombosis
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| B-type natriuretic peptide (BMP) | nl <100 pg/ml
released in response to atrial & ventricular stretch
marker for CHF
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