ISS 315 Value Orientation Method
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| Why be concerned about Cultural Diversity? | The United States is projected to have a significant change in ethnicity in the next 40 years
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| Who developed the Values Orientation Method? | Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck
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| What sort of view does the Values Orientation Method express? | Western-Eurocentric view of cultural differences
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| What are the principal values across all cultures? | Human Nature, Man-Nature Relationship, Time Sense, Activity, Social Relations
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| Why care about the Values Orientation? | Improves understanding of cultural differences and interaction and reduces judgmental behavior.
It can also provide a foundation for better understanding and tolerance of others.
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| What is the purpose of cultural values? | To "filter" the large amount of information and to restrict inappropriate.
Also to "filter" inconsistent information that contradicts collective cultural concept.
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| What is the purpose of cultural norms? | To maintain appropriate behaviors that further the survival of group or society.
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| What is cultural centricity? | Think your culture values are the best!
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| How are values passed on? | Parenting, Social/Family Groups, Religion, and Media
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| What is the basic nature of people? (Human Nature) (List the 3 things in the Western-Eurocentric view) | Evil, Mixed, Good
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| Evil (Human Nature) | Can't trust people. People are bad and need to be controlled.
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| Mixed (Human Nature) | Good and evil people in the world. Need to check them out to find out which they are.
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| Good (Human Nature) | Most people are good at heart. Born good.
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| What is the appropriate relationship to nature? (Man-Nature Relationship) (List the 3 things in the Western-Eurocentric view) | Subordinate to Nature, Harmony with Nature, Dominant over Nature.
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| Subordinate to Nature (Man-Nature Relationship) | People can't change nature.
Life is determined by external forces like fate and genetics.
What happens was meant to happen.
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| Harmony with Nature (Man-Nature Relationship) | Man should, in every way, live in harmony with nature.
Steward of nature
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| Dominant over Nature (Man-Nature Relationship) | It's a great human challenge to conquer and control nature.
Everything from air conditioning to the "green revolution" has resulted from having met this challenge.
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| How should we best think about time? (Time Sense) (List the 3 things in the Western-Eurocentric view) | Past, Present, Future
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| Being (Time Sense) | It's enough just to be.
It's not necessary to accomplish great things.
Your life is worthwhile.
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| Becoming (Time Sense) | The main purpose for being placed on this earth is for one's own inner development.
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| Doing (Time Sense) | If people work hard and apply themselves fully, their efforts will be rewarded.
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| What is the best form of social organization? (Social Relations) (List the 3 things in the Western-Eurocentric view) | Hierarchical, Collateral, Individual
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| Hierarchical (Social Relations) | There is a natural order to relations, some people are born to lead, others are followers.
Decisions should be made by those in charge.
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| Collateral (Social Relations) | The best way to be organized is as a group, where everyone shares in the decision process.
It's important not to make decisions alone.
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| Individual (Social Relations) | All people should have equal rights, and each should have complete control over one's own destiny.
When we have to make decision as a group it should be "one person one vote."
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| What are cultural values of Euro-American culture? | future oriented, doing, individualism, dominate nature, human nature is mixed
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| What are cultural values of Native cultures? | past oriented, being, collateral, harmony with nature, people are good
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| Are value orientations in a culture uniform? | No. Value Orientations are NOT UNIFORM.
They can vary among sub-groups (regional, familial) or among individuals depending on the situation.
Value Orientations can also be temporary.
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| Should you classify people with these the Value Orientation Methods? | No.
At best, social rules are a reflection of natural interactions between people.
At worst, social rules are a confining structure that inhibits naturalness, and creates conflict.
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