MC Fabick
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| nucleoTIDES | viral DNA building blocks
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| nucleoSIDES | split off of the TIDES & at a sugar
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| what antiviral drug can be given during pregnancy? | Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT)
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| Which class of antivirals are the most potent? | Protease Inhibitors
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| Which antiviral is always given with another antiviral? | NNRTI's
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| A pregnancy category X drug | ribavirin (Virazole)
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| What does a pegylated formulation do? | extends the length of the action
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| which interferon works with Hep A? | interferon alfa-2a (Roferon-A)
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| which interferon works with Hep C? | interferon alfa-2b (Intron-A)
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| Which type of vaccines need boosters? | Toxoids
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| What immunization drug can be given to a immunocompromised patient? | immune globulin preperations (passive)
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| Amphotericin B should be held for what BUN & Creatinine? | BUN greater than 40
Creatinine greater than 3
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| What precautions must be taken on administering Amphotericin B? | wear double gloves & infuse over 4-6 hrs. Its a suspension so shake every 30 mins
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| What drug increases blood sugar in diabetics? | fluconazol (Diflucan)
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| In what time frame should chloroquine (Aralen) reduce fever related to malaria? | 48 hrs. or less
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| What is the significance of G6PD deficiency? | bone marrow depression & anemia. Can impair metabolism of RBC
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| G6PD is tested in what drug? | chloroquine (Aralen)- for antimalaria
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| Which medications is known for its metallic taste? | metronidazole (Flagyl)
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| What drug is contraindicated in the 1st trimester? | metronidazole (Flagyl)
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| Culture identifies | organism or pathogen
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| Sensitivity identifies | drug sensitivity
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| Empiric Therapy is what? | treatment with a drug broad spectrum & most likely to affect the probable causative organism until actual organism is known
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| When do you get a peak level? | 30-60 mins after administering drug
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| When do you get a trough level? | 30 mins before the next dose
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| What are the S&S of psedomembranous colitis? | abd cramping, severe watery bloody diarrhea, fever, thirst, weight loss, weakness
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| What is a superinfection? | too many normal host flora are killed by the antibiotic allowing the pathogenic organisms to multiply and take advantage of the immune system...s/e= Diarrhea, mouth sores, vaginal discharge, dysuria
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| What are the S&S of superinfection? | diarrhea, sores in the mouth, bladder pain, vaginal discharge, painful urination
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| 1st thing to do during a anaphylaxis reaction? | stop the drug & never take it again
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| Treatments for anaphylaxsis include | antihistamine, vasopressor, bronchodilator, epinephrine
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| What ways can help replace bowel flora & help prevent pseudomembranous colitis? | take probiotic supplements or cultured dairy products that contain lactobacillus that is live
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| Which penicillin contains sodium? | penicillin G (Wycillin, Biciliin)...be careful in pts. with heart disease or edema
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| Which generations of cephalosporins can enter the CSF & are beta lactamase resistant? | 3rd & 4th generation
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| Which classification decreases PT levels therefore increasing bleeding tendencies? | cephalosporins
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| What is antabuse? | prevents recovering alcoholics from drinking. they get really sick & can die if they drink alcohol.
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| What is disulfiram? | Antabuse reaction
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| Which drug is pregnancy catagory D? | tetracycline
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| Which drugs are contraindicated under age of 8? | tetracycline & ethambutol (Myambutol)
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| Which drug becomes toxic if outdated? | tetracycline
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| Which drug if taken with calcium, milk or iron leads to a 50% decrease in absorption? | tetracycline
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| What drug has the side effect of diabetes insipidous? | doxycycline (Vibramycin) & demeclocycline (Declomycin)
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| What drug should you not crush? | macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin)
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| Which drug can decrease ammonia levels? | aminoglycosides (neomycin sulfate & kanamycin)
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| With what drug can you develop arthropathies or joint diseases? | fluoroquindones, (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin)
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| Which drug do you not take with multivitamins, calcium, magnesium, iron, or zinc because it decreases absorption to 90%? | fluoroquinolones
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| Which drug causes hepatic necrosis? | sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulfasalazine (sulfonamides)
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| Which drug can cause CNS toxicity? | metronidazole (Flagyl)
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| Which drug can cause optic neuritis? | Chloramphenicol (Chlorofair) & ethambutol (Myambutol)
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| Which drug is used for Chronic UTI's? | methenamine (Mandelamin, Hiprex, Urex)
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| What class & drug was developed to treat VRE? | streptogramins: quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid)
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| Which drug was developed for MRSA other than vancomycin? | oxazolidinones: linezolid (Zyvox)
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| Which drug can cause Red Man syndrome? | Vancomycin (Vancocin)
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| Which drug should you avoid foods with tyramine & aluminum antacids? | isoniazid (INH)
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| Which drug causes reddish brown secretions? | rifampin (Rifadin)
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| Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT) | NRTI, take on empty stomach, avoid IM, prophylaxis HIV and positive mom at 14 wks and baby 6 wks
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| didanosine (ddI, Videx) | NRTI, BID, pancreatitis, periph. nerupathy
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| stavudine (d4T, Zerit) | NRTI, slows HIV progression, peripheral neuropathy
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| Nevirapine (Viramune) | NNRTI, rash, fever N/V/D, never given alone, monitor renal and liver
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| saquinavir | Protease Inhibitors or PI
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| Acyxlovir (Zovirax) | antiretroviral for herpesvirus, prototype, oral 7-10 days, topical finger cot, Q3x6 x7 days, w/food, stay hydrated, nephrotoxic (IV), admin specifics
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| cidofovir (Vistide) | antiretroviral for herpesvirus, IV for CMV retinitis in AIDS patients, toxic
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| famciclovir (Famvir) | antiretroviral for herpesvirus, 3x/day
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| vlacyclovir (Vlatrex) | antiretroviral for herpesvirus, DOC genital herpes
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| ribavirin (Virazole) | antiretroviral for herpesvirus, for RSV, inhaled, CI preg ladies to be around
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| docosanol (Abreva) | antiretroviral for herpesvirus, prevents viral entry/ replication
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| amantadine (Symmetrel) | drugs for influenza,xerestomia, antiviral/antiparkinson, neuro S/E
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| rimantadine (Flumadine) | drugs for influenza, prevent/tx influenza A
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| oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) | drugs for influenza, tx influenza A and B
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| Zanamivir (Relenza) | drugs for influenza, like Tamiflu, shortens sx of illness
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| interferon alfa-2a (Roferon-A) | interferons
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| interferon alfa-2b (Intron-A) | interferons
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| peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys) | pegylated formulation
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| peginterferon alfa-2b (PEG-Intron) | pegylated formulation
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| Ecchinacea | antimicrobial & antiviral, increases phagycytosis, antiviral, for cold and flu
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| Tea Tree Oil | Antifungal, antifungal, used topically (diluted)
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| Peniccillin | Bacterialcidal, disrupt cell wall synthesis, -cidal
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| Cephalosporins | Bacterialcidal, gram neg infections, cheaper than penicillin,-cidal, generational
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| Aminoglycosides | Bacterialcidal, IV/60MIN, -cidal, prevents protein synthesis, "big bad boy", combo for serious infections
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| Fluoroquinolones | Bacterialcidal, -cidal, alters DNA, photophobia, joint probs
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| Vancomycin | Bacterialcidal, red man syndrome, "big bad guy", monitor peak and trough, IV/6OMIN/SLOW, -cidal
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| Rifampin (Rifadin) | Bacterialcidal,
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| Macrolides | Bacterialcidal & Bacteriostatic
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| Bactrim/Septra/SMZ-TMP | Bacterialcidal & Bacteriostatic
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| Lincomycins/Lincosides | Bacterialcidal & Bacteriostatic, IV/slow/60 min, avoid extravasations, static/cidal, Psuedomembranous colitis
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| Chlorofair | Bacterialcidal & Bacteriostatic, can lead to blindness, static/cidal
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| INH | Bacterialcidal & Bacteriostatic
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| Tetracylcline | Bacteriostatic, inhibit protein synthesis, static, broad
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| Sulfonamides | Bacteriostatic, static, folic acid blockers
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| What 2 classes need a peak & trough drawn? | Aminoglycosides & Vancomycin
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| What 2 drugs have antabuse reaction? | Flagyl & Cephalosporins
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| DOC for herpes | valacyclovir (Valtrex)
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| RSV drug | ribavirin (Virazole)
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| Grapefruit juice increase this drug | Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)
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| Contraindicated for yeast allergy | Hepatitis B Vaccine
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| What drug do you need to premedicate? | Amphotericin B
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| What drug class can penetrate CNS & bone? | azole antifungal
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| Drug given with food or antacids? | INH
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| Drug given with milk or food? | urinary tract antiseptics & nitrofurantoin (Furadantin, Macrodantin)
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| Drug given with food? | NNRTI Nevirapin (Viramine) & efavirenz (Sustiva) & Acyclovir (Zovirax) & Lincosamdies/mycins
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| Drug given within 2 hrs of a high calorie/fat meal | PI saquinavir
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| Drug given with high fat meal | antihelminthic.. mebendazole (Vermox)
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| Drug given within 1 hr before or after meals? | Penicillin
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| oprelvekin (Neumega) | interleukin..platelet inhancer
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| What drug decreases urine output by 75%? | cyclosporine (Sandimmune, Neoral)
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| fluconazol (Diflucan) | azole antifungals, DOC mouth and throat yeast infection, avoid alcohol/tylenol, increases blood sugar, monitor renal and hepatic, CNS and bone tx
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| ketoconazole (Nizoral) | azole antifungals for athlete's foot
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| itraconazole (Sporanox) | azole antifungals for athlete's foot
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| miconazole (Monistat IV, Micatin topical) | azole atnifungal for tinea infections
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| clotrimazole (Mycelex, Lotrimin, Gyne-lotrimin) | azole atnifungal for tinea infections
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| nystatin (Mycostatin, Nilstat) | antifungal for superficials swoosh and spit, give immediately, shake, no water taken with it,
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| terbinafine (Lamisil) | antifungal for nail fungus
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| tolnaftate (Tinactin, Aftate) | antifungal for tineas
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| terbinafine (Lamisil & itraconazole (Sporanox) | accumulate in nail beds
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| chloroquine (Aralen) | Protozoal drug for malaria, prophylaxis, reduces fever in <48 hrs, test for G6PD deficiency
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| hydroxychloroquine sulfate (Plaquenil) | Protozoal drug for malaria, psoriasis and RA
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| metronidazole (Flagyl) | Protozoal drug for non malaria, amebiasis and anaerobic infections, discolored urine, metallic taste, avoid alcohol, CI first trimester
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| tinidazole (Tindamax) | Protozoal drug for non malaria, similar to metronidazole
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| pentamidine (Pentam 300 & Nebupent) | Protozoal drug for non malaria, tx pneumonia and HIV patients
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| mebendazole (Vermox) | anti helminthic drugs (for roundworm), tape tested, chew food well and eat fats, s/e- diarrhea
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| DOC for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever | Tetracycline
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| Treats PCP | sulfonamides & pentamidine (Pentam 300 & Nebupent)
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| Which penicillin combination is often used in kids | Augmentin
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| erythromycin | macrolides, static/ cidal, hearing probs, don't crush, inhibits protein synthesis, PC, superinfection
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| azithromycin (Zithromax) | macrolides, (ZPACK), 1 time daily for 3 days, semisynthetic, cause GI probe
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| clarithromycin (Biaxin) | macrolides,
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| dirithromycin (Dynabac) | macrolides
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| Z Pack | azithromycin (Zithromax)
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| gentamicin sulfate (Garamycin) | aminoglycosides, for bowel surgeries
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| neomycin sulfate (Neo-IM, Mycifradin) | aminoglycosides, decreases amino levels in liver failure
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| kanamycin (Kantrex) | aminoglycosides
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| streptomycin sulfate tobramycin sulfate (Nebcin) | aminoglycosides
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| floxacin drugs | Fluoroquinolones or quinolones
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| nalidixic acid (NegGram) | Fluoroquinolones or quinolones, bacterial resistance
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| clindamycin (Cleocin) | Lincosamides/Lincomycins
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| lincomycin (Lincocin) | Lincosamides/LincomycinsLincosamides/Lincomycins, avoid extravasations
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| isoniazid (INH) | Antitubercular drugs
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| paraminosalicylic acid (PAS) | Antitubercular drugs substitute for ethambutol for kids under 7
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