hematology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 95% of volume in formed elements is | red blood cells
🗑
|
||||
| 5% of volume in formed elements is | WBC's
🗑
|
||||
| formed elements chief functions | 1.delivery of substances needed for cell metablosim,2.defence.3.acid base balance
🗑
|
||||
| all types of blood cells are formed where | in the bone marrow
🗑
|
||||
| red bone marrow | found in membranous bone such as vetebra,pelvis, sternum and ribs
🗑
|
||||
| Yellow marrow | produces some WBC's but composed mainly of connective tissue and fat
🗑
|
||||
| Lymph nodes | produce pymphocytes and antibodies
🗑
|
||||
| Spleen | stores bld and produces lymphocytes, plasma cells and antibodies
🗑
|
||||
| liver | blood forming organ during intrauterine life, important in coagulation
🗑
|
||||
| Plasma | clear portion of bld, 92% water, contains proteins such as albumin, globlin, and fibrinogen
🗑
|
||||
| Albumin | most plentiful protein,keeps h2o concentrationlow so water diffuses well
🗑
|
||||
| globulins | (alpha,beta,gamma)transports proteins and provides immunity
🗑
|
||||
| Fibrinogen | responsible for bld clotting
🗑
|
||||
| RBC's | most abundant cells in the body, responcible for tissue oxygenation,composed mainly of water and red protein hemoglobin-each RBC contains 270 million hemoglobin molecules, norm 4.2-6.2 million cells
🗑
|
||||
| RBC's life span | 120 days
🗑
|
||||
| hemogobin | each molecule carries 4 oxygen molecules, normal amount is 15g/100 ml
🗑
|
||||
| WBC normal count | 5000-10,000
🗑
|
||||
| hematocrit | the fraction of the total volume of blood that consists of red blood cells, normally about 45%
🗑
|
||||
| norm male hematocrit | 40-54%
🗑
|
||||
| female hematocrit norm | 38-47%
🗑
|
||||
| hemoglobin | normal for men 13.5-18g/100ml,females 12-16g/100ml
🗑
|
||||
| Reticulocyte count | shows rate of RBC production-<0.5%=deceleration in process, >1.5 % =acceleration of RBC formation
🗑
|
||||
| Monocytes make up | 5% of total WBC
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphocytes make up | 27.5% of WBC
🗑
|
||||
| Neutrophils make up | 65% of WBC
🗑
|
||||
| Eosinophils and basophils together make up | 2.5%
🗑
|
||||
| Differential count (diff) | identifies the different types of leukocytes (WBC'S) present in the blood-identified by shape,appearance of nucleus,color of cytoplasm n presence n color of granules
🗑
|
||||
| Platelets (thrombocytes) | plug the leak and allow other cells to stick to them and form clot
🗑
|
||||
| Hemostasis | the initial phsyilogical response to wounding that causes bleeding to cease
🗑
|
||||
| Physiology of Hemostasis | vasoconstriction, formation of platelet plug, coagulation, and the growth of fibrous tissue
🗑
|
||||
| vasoconstriction of vessel is sustained for | 10 minutes
🗑
|
||||
| Clotting time is normally | 7-10 minutes
🗑
|
||||
| Prothrombin time (PT) | measures the clotting time of plasma (the extrinsic clotting cascade)-used to monitor pts taking certain drugs and evaluates the presence of factors V,X,VII,prothrombin and fibrinogen-
🗑
|
||||
| Partial prothromboplastin time (PTT) | screens for hemophilia and othe clotting dx, measures the integrity of the extrinsic clotting cascad, which is effected by blood thinners
🗑
|
||||
| Coagulation progresses within | 3-6 minutes after injury to vessel
🗑
|
||||
| clot retracts and is sealed within | 30minutes
🗑
|
||||
| Blood clotting mechanism | 1.prothrombin activator is formed in response to injury,2.it stumulates conversion of prothrombin to thrombin,3. thrombin in the presence of Ca++ converts fibrinogen to fibrin threads
🗑
|
||||
| ASA affects | decreases platelet activity
🗑
|
||||
| Warfarin | supresses the abilty of the liver to make certain clotting factors
🗑
|
||||
| Anemia | condition in which the hemoglobin or erythrocytes in the blood is below normal-not a disease but a symptom of one
🗑
|
||||
| Anemia Causes | chronic or acute blood loss, decreaased production of erythrocytes, n increased destruction of erythrocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Disorders of RBC's | Anemia polycythemia sickle cell disease
🗑
|
||||
| Disorders of WBC's | Hodgkins disease Non-hodgkins disease Leukimia Leukopenia multiple myolomas
🗑
|
||||
| Disorders of Hemostsais | Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) thrombocytopenia
🗑
|
||||
| Iron deficiency anemia | the lack of iron prevents the bone marrow from making enough hemoglobin for RBC's, iron gives hemoglobin the ability to bind to oxygen-most common cause is bld loss from menstration or intestinal bldg
🗑
|
||||
| Lack of folic acid | is the most common form o vitamin deficiency anemia
🗑
|
||||
| Hemolytic anemia | premature destruction of RBC's in the bld (hemolysis)is the cause.can be a result of inherited disorder,acquired later in life
🗑
|
||||
| Inherited disorders | can occur as a result of abnormal rigidity of the cell membrane,becomes trapped usually in the spleen
🗑
|
||||
| Acquired disorders | 1.mechanical forces (abn bld vessel linings or clots,2.autoimmune disorders,3.disease (malaria)
🗑
|
||||
| Anemia S/S | fatigue,HA,sore mouth or tongue,brittle nails,breathlessness CP
🗑
|
||||
| Leukemia | an abnormal proliferation of WBC's occuring in the bone marrow,the excess crowds and impairs normal production,common in white ppl,cause unknown,acute or chronic
🗑
|
||||
| Acute leukemia | begin proliferating at an early stageof their development(immature cells)
🗑
|
||||
| Chronic Leukemia | an abnormal proliferation of more mature but not fully differenciated cells
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphocytic or lymphoblastic | indicates that the cancerous change takes place in a type of marrow cell that forms lymphocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Myelogenous or myeloid | indicates that the cell change takes place in a type of marrow cell that normally matures to form red cells, some white cells and platelets
🗑
|
||||
| Acute lymphocytic leukemia & acute myelogenous leukemia | composed of blast cells, progress rapidly without tx.
🗑
|
||||
| Chronic leukemias | have few or no blast cells,progress slowly
🗑
|
||||
| Leukemia S/S | abd fullness,bleeding,bone pain.elevated body temp,enlargement of lymph nodes and liver ,spleen and testes,fatigue,bruising, HA,weight loss
🗑
|
||||
| Blood transfusion complications | Allergy reaction,disease,fever,circulatory overload,iron overload,lung injury,hemolytic reactiongraft versus host disease
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphoma | any neoplastic disorder of the lymphoid tissue,all are malignant and can metastisize-result from acquired genetic injury to the DNA of a single cell
🗑
|
||||
| Hodgkins disease | painless progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue found maily in he lymph nodes and slpeen, unknown cause, more common in males, peak incidence at 20-29 & 55-70yrs,confirmed by presence of REED STERNBERG cells-one of the most curable cancers
🗑
|
||||
| Hodgkins S/S | swollen lymph nodes in neck,axillae or groin,fatigue,chills and night sweats,severe itching, cough,weightloss,SOB,CP
🗑
|
||||
| Non Hodgkins lymphomas | vary in malignancy and activity of abn cells,ranked by low,intermediate n high based on agressiveness of the dx.
🗑
|
||||
| Burkitt's lymphoma | childhood cancer, in africa its associated w/eptein barr,TX radiation,bone marrow transplant
🗑
|
||||
| Stem cell | a cell whos daughter cells may develop into other cell types, reside in marrow and circulate in bld.
🗑
|
||||
| Autologous transplants | transplant uses patients own marrow
🗑
|
||||
| Allogenic transplant | uses marrow from donor
🗑
|
||||
| Polycythemia | increase in the Total RBC mass of the blood,
🗑
|
||||
| Secondary polycythemia | natural responce tp chronic hypoxia-may be naturally present in ppl who live in high altitudes, due to reduced air pressure
🗑
|
||||
| Primary polycythemia(polycythemia vera) | unknown reasons-rare,causes blood to thicken,occurs in pts >50 yrs ,S/S blurred vision,dizzy,itching,HA,HTN,splenomegaly,red hands n feet
🗑
|
||||
| Apparent polycythemia | from dehydration
🗑
|
||||
| Erythropoietin | this hormone stimulates RBC production in the bone marrow
🗑
|
||||
| Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy | a comlication of severe injury,trauma, or disease,common abn clotting disorder.Disrupts the balance among procoagulants,inhibitors,thrombus formation and lysis-S/S=SOB, bleeding,hypotension, hypoperfusion
🗑
|
||||
| DIC-First phase | characterised by free thrombin in the bld, fibrin deposits, and aggregation of platelets
🗑
|
||||
| DIC-Second phase | hemmorrage caused by the depletion of clotting factors=myulti system organ failure from bleeding and coagulation disorders caused by:loss of platels,fibrinolysis,fibrin degradation
🗑
|
||||
| dic-tx | REPLACEMENT OF PLATELETS, COAGULATION FACTORS AND BLOOD
🗑
|
||||
| Hemophilia | uncoontrolled bleeding and involves the loss of bleeding control mechanisms
🗑
|
||||
| Hemophilia A | deficiency in factor VIII esscential in the process of blood clotting
🗑
|
||||
| Hemophilia B (christmas disease) | less common,
🗑
|
||||
| Hemophilia S/S | bleeding into joints, deep muscles, the urinary tract and intracranial sites are most common-CNS bleeding is the major cause of deaths for pts with heophilia
🗑
|
||||
| Thrombocytopenia | low platelet count, normal levels 150,000-450,000. levels at 20,000-30,000 causes bldg with minor trauma,levels <20,000 causes spontaneous bldg. S/Spetechiae, purpura,prolonged bldg,heavy menses flow
🗑
|
||||
| Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) | when antibodies attack and destroy the bodys platelets for unknown reasons
🗑
|
||||
| Thrombotic thrombocyopenic purpura (TTP) | a life threatning dx that occurs when small bld clots form suddenly throughout the body, resulting in cardiac hemmorrage and death-associated w/pregnancy,cancer,chrmo,hiv/aids,and Rx drugs TX:CORTICOSTEROIDS (prednisone)
🗑
|
||||
| Sickle cell disease | inherited bld disorder that affects RBC's. most common type is sickle cell anemia-S/S delayed growth in children,jaundice,priaprism,splenomegaly,stroke-produces abnormal type of hemoglobin called hemoglobin S
🗑
|
||||
| sICKLE CELL CRISIS | a blockage of flow to various tissues and organs due to the cells being unable to pass through tiny vessels causing vasooclisiveness-S/S=weakness, CP,SOB,ABD pain,bony deformities, icteric(jaundice sclera,fever,arthralgia(joint pain)
🗑
|
||||
| Aplastic Crisis | bone marrow temporarily stop producing RBC's
🗑
|
||||
| Hemolytic crisis | the RBC;s break down too rapidly tp be replaced adequately
🗑
|
||||
| Splenic sequestration | usually in childhood, difficulty that occurs when bld becomes trapped in the spleen
🗑
|
||||
| Multiple Myeloma | a malignant neoplasm of the bone marrow,the tumor is composed of plasma cells, destroys bone tissue (especially in flat bones)
🗑
|
||||
| In myeloma the neoplastic cells produce | large amounts of protein (M protein) that affect the viscosity of the bld.coagulated protein accumalate in tissues and organs-kidney failure occurs due to build up, plasma proliferation is confined to the bone marrow
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
rebeccabelleth
Popular Paramedic/EMT sets