Astronomy Unit 3
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| 1.1 The first Kirchhoff principle is "a luminous solid or liquid emits light in a ________________ spectrum." | continuous
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| 1.2 The second Kirchhoff principle is "a rarefied luminous gas emits light whose spectrum shows _______________ lines." | bright
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| 1.3 The third Kirchhoff principle is "if the white light from a luminous source is passed through a gas, the gas may _____________ certain wavelengths from the continuous spectrum." | abstract
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| 1.4 The _________________ is unique to each element. | bright-line spectrum
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| 1.5 In ____________ an electron leaves the atom entirely. | ionization
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| 1.6 If something is in its normal atomic state it is ________________. | neutral
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| 1.7 A __________________ shifts toward blue or red end of the spectrum. | moving light source
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| 1.8 ________________ appear in the same place. | Elements present
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| 1.9 ______________ determine whether a magnetic field exists. | Thick lines
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| 1.10 In a _____________________ light rays are made parallel. | collimating lens
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| 2.1 T/F Galileo Galilei discovered the photosphere in 1610. | F-blemishes/sunspots on the photosphere
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| 2.2 T/F Heinrich Schwabe announced the sunspot cycle in 1843. | T
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| 2.3 T/F Richard Carrington announced that differential rotation drove the sunspot cycle. | F-
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| 2.4 T/F The photosphere consists of the tops of plages rising from lower depths. | F-columns of hot gases
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| 2.5 T/F As the sunspot cycle progresses, the latitude of sunspot formation gradually moves toward the poles. | F-equator
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| 2.6 T/F Sunspots occur in pairs, each with a different latitude. | F-polarity
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| 2.7 T/F A flow of electrons is an electric current. | T
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| 2.8 T/F The Zeeman effect shows the turbulence of the Sun. | F-magnetic nature of sunspots
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| 2.9 T/F Sunspots last up to eight minutes. | F-months
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| 2.10 T/F George Hale found that pairs of sunspots have opposite flares. | F-magnetic polarities
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| 2.11 ______________ is the matter when atoms are torn apart. | Plasma
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| 2.12 _____________ is north or south of an equator. | Latitude
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| 2.13 A _____________ is a column top. | granule
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| 2.14 ____________ is when properties differ between two ends of the same object. | Polarity
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| 2.15 __________ is a backward-circling current. | Eddy
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| 2.16 ____________ is an action seen in water coming to a boil. | Convection
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| 2.17 ___________ is a quantity of matter. | Volume
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| 2.18 _______________ is formed by particles from the Sun that stream through space. | Solar wind
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| 2.19 A ______________ is a spot of intensely growing atoms. | plage
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| 2.20 The ___________________ is the Sun's glowing disk, or light globe. | photosphere
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| 3.1 Helium was so named because the Greek word for "sun" is _____________. | helios
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| 3.2 A ________________ is a jet of plasma. | spicule
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| 3.3 The ______________ is also a crown. | corona
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| 3.4 A ________________ is a heavy hydrogen nucleus. | deuteron
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| 3.5 A ___________________ is a part of basic structure. | property
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| 3.6 _______________ is valid reasoning. | Logic
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| 3.7 An _______________ is the dimming of light. | eclipse
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| 3.8 The ____________ is the highest point. | apex
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| 3.9 The ______________ is called the color globe. | chromosphere
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| 3.10 A _________________ is a necessary part. | constituent
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| 3.11 The Sun's core does not collapse because of _______________ outward pressure. | counteracting
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| 3.12 A collision between atomic particles is necessary to overcome the natural _____________________ between them. | electrical repulsion
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| 3.13 Helium-4 is the ________________ form of helium. | ordinary
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| 3.14 After its formation helium-4 does not enter into _______________ again. | atomic processes
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| 3.15 Pressure waves inside the Sun are used to ____________ the Sun. | probe
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| 3.16 The Sun is an _________________ star when compared to other stars. | above average
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| 3.17 The atomic processes at work inside the Sun is called ______________. | fusion
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| 3.18 The solar core contains half the solar ____________. | mass
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| 3.19 Protons are also hydrogen ___________. | nuclei
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| 3.20 _________________ is the process by which heat and light reach from the Sun to Earth. | Radiation
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| 4.1 To ___________ is to make less dense. | rarefy
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| 4.2 ____________ is to force away by pushing. | Buffet
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| 4.3 To ___________ is to direct attention. | indicate
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| 4.4 The _______________ is equidistant between poles. | equator
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| 4.5 An ___________________ is a substance consisting of only one kind of atom. | element
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| 4.6 ___________ is the action that tends to drive apart. | Repulsion
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| 4.7 To ____________ is to take away or remove. | abstract
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| 4.8 ____________ also means innumerable. | Myriad
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| 4.9 To ____________ is to blend two or more things. | merge
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| 4.10 A _____________ is an empty space. | void
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| 4.11 To _______________ is to change for the better. | refine
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| 4.12 ____________ means of great size. | Immense
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| 4.13 ______________ created the three principles of spectroscopy. | Gustav Kirchhoff
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| 4.14 ______________ discovered sunspots. | Galileo Galilei
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| 4.15 ___________ announced the sunspot cycle. | Heinrich Schwabe
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| 4.16 ______________ created the eleven-year sunspot cycle. | Richard Carrington
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| 4.17 ________________ said pairs of sunspots have opposite polarities. | George Hale
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| 4.18 A more formal name for a heavy hydrogen nucleus is __________. | deuterium
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| 4.19 A spot of intensely glowing atoms on the photosphere is a _______________. | plage
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| 4.20 Another name for a hydrogen nucleus is _______________. | proton
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| 4.21 Ultraviolet and x-ray radiation, together with high-speed electrons, that escapes the Sun is called __________________. | solar wind
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| 4.22 The nuclear reaction where lighter atoms are built up to heavier atoms is called ______________. | fusion
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| 4.23 The process by which heat and light reach from the Sun to Earth is called _______________. | radiation
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| 4.24 Waves used to probe the Sun are _______________ waves. | pressure
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| 4.25 The form of helium that does not enter into atomic reactions on the Sun is __________________. | helium-4
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