Abnormal Psych Chapter 3
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| Idiographic | show 🗑
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| show | the collecting of relevant information in an effort to reach a conclusion
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| Clinical Assessment | show 🗑
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| clinical interviews, tests, and observations | show 🗑
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| Standardize | show 🗑
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| show | the consistency of assessment measures
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| show | Type of reliability; considered high if an assessment tool yields the same results every time it is given to people
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| Interrater Reliability | show 🗑
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| Validity | show 🗑
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| show | type of validity; the assessment tool may appear to be valid simply because it makes sense and seems reasonable
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| show | type of validity; a tool's ability to predict future characteristics or behavior
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| show | the degree to which the measures gathered from one tool agree with the measures gathered from other assessment techniques
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| show | a face-to-face encounter; observe responses, listen to answers and get a sense of who a person is; used to collect detailed info about a person's problems/feelings/lifestyle/relationships/personal history
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| Unstructured Interview | show 🗑
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| Structured interview | show 🗑
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| show | a standard set of questions designed for all interviews
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| Mental Status Exam | show 🗑
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| can lack validity or accuracy; people may be unable to give accurate report in interview; interviewers may make mistakes/judgements/biases; diff responses to diff. interviewers; | show 🗑
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| show | Devices for gathering information about a few aspects of a person's psychological functioning, from which broader info about the person can be inferred
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| Projective Tests | show 🗑
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| Rorschach test, Thematic Apperception Test, sentence completion tests, and drawings | show 🗑
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| show | inkblot test; clients asked what they see, what the inkblot seems to be, or what it reminds them of; do they see whole or pay attention to details of inkblot
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| Thematic Apperception Test | show 🗑
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| Sentence Completion Test | show 🗑
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| Draw-A-Person test; Drawings | show 🗑
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| show | Problems with Projective Tests
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| Personality Inventory | show 🗑
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| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory | show 🗑
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| Hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, psychopathic deviate, masculinity-femininity, paranoia, psychasthenia , schizophrenia, hypomania, social introversion | show 🗑
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| quick to administer; objectively scored; most standardized; greater test-retest reliability; greater validity; | show 🗑
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| show | Problems with the MMPI and other personality inventories:
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| show | type of assessment that asks people to provide detailed info about themselves; focus on ONE specific area of functioning (such as affect)
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| show | type of response inventory that measures the severity of such emotions as anxiety, depression, and anger Ex: Beck Depression Inventory
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| Social Skills Inventories | show 🗑
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| Cognitive Inventories | show 🗑
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| show | Problems with Response Inventories
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| show | assessment that measures physiological responses as possible indicators of psychological problems
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| Polygraph | show 🗑
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| require expensive equipment; can be inaccurate and unreliable; lab equipment may arouse patient; responses may change throughout session; | show 🗑
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| Neurological Test | show 🗑
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| Electroencephalogram (EEG) | show 🗑
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| show | neurological tests that take pictures of brain structure of brain activity; Ex: CAT/CT Scan, PET scan, MRI, fMRI; x-rays of the brain's structure taken at diff angles and combined
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| unable to detect subtle brain abnormalities | show 🗑
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| Neuropsychological tests | show 🗑
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| show | 3 things brain damage is likely to affect:
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| Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test | show 🗑
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| show | Test designed to measure a person's intellectual ability; general score is the intelligence quotient
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| standardized; high reliability; high validity | show 🗑
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| outside factors (such as low motivation/high anxiety) can influence performance; cultural biases | show 🗑
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| show | 3 types if clinical observations
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| show | clinical observation; usually in homes, schools, institutions, community settings; focus on parent-child/sibling/child/teacher/child interactions & fearful/aggressive/disruptive behavior; made by participant observers
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| show | clinical observation; often aided by special equipment such as videotape or one-way mirror; often focused on children interacting w/ parents, married couples settling disagreement, speech-anxious people, fearful people
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| not always reliable; observer may make errors that affect validity; observer may suffer from overload , observer drift, or observer bias; client's reactivity can limit validity; may lack cross-situational validity | show 🗑
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| show | clinical observation in which people observe themselves and carefully record the frequency of certain behaviors, feelings, or thoughts as they occur over time
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| show | Pro's of self-monitoring
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| validity, people do not always manage/try to record observations accurately ; may change their behaviors unintentionally | show 🗑
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| diagnosis | show 🗑
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| syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | a list of categories, or disorder, with descriptions of the symptoms and guidelines for assigning individuals to the categories
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| show | lists approximately 400 mental disorders; classification system, text information; requires clinicians to evaluate a client's condition on 5 separate axes when making diagnosis
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| show | in the DSM-IV-TR; accompanies the classification system ; the background info such as research findings, age, culture, gender trends; & each disorder's prevalence, risk, course, complications, predisposing factors, & family patterns
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| show | In the DSM-IV-TR; branches of information; 5 separate ones
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| Axis I | show 🗑
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| Axis II | show 🗑
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| show | the axis that asks for information concerning relevant general medical conditions from which the person is currently suffering
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| Axis IV | show 🗑
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| Axis V | show 🗑
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| show | Pros and Cons of the DSM-IV-TR:
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| DSM's assumption that clinical disorders are qualitatively diff from norm behavior (may differ in degree); use of discrete diagnostic cats., w/ each category of pathology considered to be separate from the others (some categories reflect SINGLE dimension) | show 🗑
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| clinicians may place to much/too little attn. on certain sources of info; personal biases; label may cause people to react/view person differently; may cause person to think they are/act sick; societal stigma (jobs, relationships) | show 🗑
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| often more helpful than no treatment or placebos; no one form generally stands out over all others | show 🗑
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| give feedback to clients; help clients focus on own thoughts/behavior; pay attention to the way they & their client interact; try to promote self-mastery in clients | show 🗑
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| 1/3 Phenomenon | show 🗑
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