positioning UGI
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| About how long is the alimentary canal? | 30 feet
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| What are the components of the alimentary canal? | mouth, pharynx, stomach, intestine, esophagus, colon, and anus
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| The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus is called | Cardiac antrum
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| The stomach wall is composed of how many layers? | 4 fibrous,muscular, mucosous and submucous
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| The act of swallowing is termed | deglutition
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| The muscular opening between the stomach and the duodenum is termed | pyloric sphincter
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| For which body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal | hypersthenic
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| for which body habitus is the stomach almost vertical | asthenic
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| What are the functions of the stomach | storage of food and the chemical breakdown of food
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| What is the widest part of the small bowel | duodenum
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| The most distal portion of the small intestine is what | ileum
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| The small intestine is attached to the posterior wall of the abdomen by what | mesentary
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| The esophagus is located how to the larynx | posterior
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| The opening that joins the stomach and the esophagus is the | esophagogastric junction
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| what term describes the lateral border of the stomach | greater curvature
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| What is the term for the longitudinal mucosal folds found within the stomach | rugae
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| toward which aspects of the stomach will barium graviate with the patient in the prone postion | body and ptlorus
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| How long does it take barium to go through the alimentary canal and reach the anus | 24 hours
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| The names of contrast medium used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract | Air, barium sulfate, water soluble iodine and gastrograffin
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| what is the most commonly used contrast medium for an exam of the gastrointestinal tract | barium sulfate
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| once food enters the stomach and is mixed with gastric secretion it is called | chyme
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| What is the recommended oblique projection and position for best demonstration of the esophagus | PA, RAO
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| what is the respritation phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines | expiration
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| What is the degree of the body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus | 35-40 degrees
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| What is the recommended general body position for a radiographic series of the esophagus | recumbant
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| Advantages of using the recumbant postion for the radiographs of the esophagus | varices are better filled and more complete filling of the esophagus
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| What is a common passageway of both food and air | pharynx
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| What is the cartilage that prevents food from entering the pharynx | epiglottis
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| What is the essential projection for the stomach and duodenum | PA, PA Oblique, AP, AP Oblique, Lateral
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| In a PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum what plane is centered to the grid | sagittal
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| During an AP or PA Oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum what level is the IR centered | to the body of the stomach at L1/L2
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| What is the average body rotation for an AP Oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum | 45 degrees
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| What projection of the stomach best demonstrates a diaphrogomatic henination | Ap projection
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| In an AP projection of the stomach what projection will best demonstrate the rectrogastic portion of the duodenuma dn jejunum | Supine and Trendelenburgs
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| What opening joins the small intestine and the stomach | pyloric orfices
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| In a PA projection of the stomach what does it best demonstrate | the stomach contour and the duodenal bulb
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| What are the main subdivisions of the stomach | cardia, fundus, body, pyloric portion
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| What body habitus is at 10%, 5%, 50%, and 35% | Asthenic, Hypersthenic, Sthenic, and Hyposthenic
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| What is the sequence of an esophogram for an esophageal varices | exhale fully, swallow barium, aviod inspiration
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| During all exams of the esophagus the top of the IR is postioned where | At the level of the mouth for inclusions of entire esophagus
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| Which plane is centered to the midline of the table for a lateral esophagus | midcoronal
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| High postion of the stomach is in which body habitus | hypersthenic
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| What is the patient prep for a stomach exam | No food or fluid after midnight
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| Food and fluid are withheld for how many hours before a stomach exam | 8 hours
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| Routinely used method of examining the stomach | single and double contrast
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| Advantages for using the double contrast for stomach exams | Small lesions are not obscured and mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized
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| Stomach with duodenal bulb at the level of L1/L2 would be found in what type of patient | sthenic
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| A PA projection of the stomach and duodenum can be preformed uing a 14x17 or 10x12. Which plane is centered to the grid for the projection | sagittal plane passing halfway between the vertebral column and the midcoronal plane
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| Which level is the IR centered for a projection of the stomach and duodenum on a patient that has a sthenic body habitus | L1
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| Body rotated for the PA oblique projection(RAO position) of the stomach and duodenum is | 40-70 degrees
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| The greatest degree of rotation would be used for what body habitus | hypersthenic
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| What projection and position will best demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile | PA Oblique, RAO
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| What projection of the stomach would a positioning sponge be used in | AP Oblique LPO
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| What is the degree of body rotation of an AP oblique stomach | 30-60 degrees
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| What projection of the stomach demonstartes the anterior and posterior surface | lateral
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| what plane is positioned to the center of he grid for a lateral projection of the stomach and duodenum | Coronal plane 1.5 inches anterior to the midcoronal plane
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| A patient comes to radiology for an UGI series. the patient has a clinical history of hiatal hernia. what position will best demonstarte this | AP trendelengburg
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| What best describes the relationship between the esophagus and the trachea | Esophagus is posterior to the trachea
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| What postition best demontrates the esophageal varices | recumbent
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| The folds of the thich inner lining of the stomach are called | rugae
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| The esophagus joins the stomach through what opening | cardiac orifice
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| What is the % of population witha sthenic and hypersthenic body habitus | 85%
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| What is the middle part of the small intestine called | jejunum
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| What is the shortest part of the small intestine called | duodenum
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| What is the longest part of the small intestine called | ileum
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| What are contraction waves called | peristalsis
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| What is the largest gland in the body | liver
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| What is the name of the vessels that supply blood to the liver | portal vien and hepatic artery
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| What is the function of the gallbladder | store and concentration of bile
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| What is the function of the exocrine cells of the pancrease | produces and secretes digestive juices
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| How do you record fluroscopic exams | Tv, cinema, video recorder
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| What is the drugs that relax the GI tract before a double contrats study | glucagon
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| Common bile duct and pancreatic duct unit to form what | Hepatopancreatic papilla
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| OPening inside the duodenum where the pancreatic enzymes and bile enters is called | greater duodenal papilla
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| the duodenum joins the jejunum at the sharp curve called | duodenojejunal flexure
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| what is the functions of the spleen | produce lymphocytes and store and remove dead or dying blood cells
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| what is the specific radiographic exam of the billary duct termed | cholangiography
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| What ate the accessory organs | liver pancrease, gallbladder and salivary glands
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| In what two regions of the abdomen is the liver in | right hyperchondrium and epigastic
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| In what quadraunt is the spleen in | left uppper quad.
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| What position best enhances peristalic motion of barium through the stomach | RAO
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| What is the length of the average adult intestine | 22 feet
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| The walls of the small intestine is composed of how many layers | 4
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| How many distinct portions is the small intestine divided into | 3
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| What the names of the salivary glands | partiod, sublingual and submandibular(submaxillary)
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| what is the function of the small bowel | digestion and absorption of food
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| the dilated portion of the esophagus is the | cardiac antrun
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| What part of the stomach is attached to the duodenum | pylorus
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| What part of the pancrease is adjacent to the c-loop of the duodenum | the head
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| What division of the duodenum contains the duodenal bulb or cap | first(superior)
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| What negative contrast medium is used during a UGI series | sodium bicarbonate
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| What should you do before the use of barium sulfate | Stur it well
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| What chemical indication would mandate the use of an oral, water soluble contrast agent | possible bowel perforation
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| Where is the tube positioned during fluroscopy | under the table
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| What are the cardinal rules | distance, shielding,time
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| What is the most efffective cardinal rule to reduce patient dose | distance
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| What condition involves dilated veins in the distal aspect of the esophagus which may lead to internal bleeding | esophageal varices
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| Enlarged recess or out pouching in the proximal esophagus is | Zenkers diverticulum
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| a mass of undigested material | bezoar
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| inflammation of the stomach | gastritis
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| give example of GERD | esophageal reflux
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| what is the most common diagnostic procedure to diagnosis gerd | endoscopy
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| what is a potntial risk associated with the use of water soluble contrast agents in geratic patiens | dehydration
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| Patient prep for UGI series | NPO 8 hours before the procedure
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| what is the kV range used for an UGI series using barium sulfate | 100-110
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| Centering of the CR for an esophagram should be to the level of | T5-T6
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| How much obliquity is required for the RAO position for the esophagus | 35-40 degrees
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| What esophagram projection /positions will project the majority of the esophagus over the spine | AP
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| What UGI projection/position will best demonstrate barium in the body and pylorus | PA
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| What UGI projection/position will best demonstrate the pylorus and duodenal bulb in profile with double contrast study | LPO
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| At what level would the IR and CR be centered for the RAO position(PA project)UGI on a sthenic body type patient | L1/L2
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| A radiograph taken during an UGI series demonstrates poor visibility of gastric mucosa. 80kV, 30mAs, 1/40sec exposure time, high speed IR, barium sulfate used. What factors need to be mortified during the repeat exam | Increase kV decrease mAs as needed
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| Patient history indicates a tumor posterior to stomach what projection/position will best demonstrate this | Right lateral
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| The funds is filled with barium and the duodenal bulb is in profile and air filled. If the patient was in the recumbent position the whole time what projectin needs to be repeated | AP LPO
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| During an UGI series the "Lucent-halo" signs appear in the duodenum. What does this mean in the radiograph | An ulcer appears
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| The salivary gland that is located near the angle of the mandible is | Submaxillary
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| What instructions should be given to the patient after an UGI exam | Drink plenty of water take a mild laxative
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| The mucosa of the small intestine contains a series of finger like projections called | Villi
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| What body position demonstrates the duodenal loop filled with barium contrast he best | Recumbent right lateral
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| What is the curvature called for the right(medial) borders the stomach | Lesser
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| What is the superior part of the stomach called | Fundus
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| What is the inferior part of the stomach called | Pylorus
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