ElectrolytesHoward
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| Magnesium's effect on nerve impulse | inhibits nerve impulse transmission
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| Magnesium's effect on the instestines | Intestinal changes are from decreased intestinal smooth muscle contraction.
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| The effects of hypomagnesemia are caused by: | increased membrane excitability and the accompanying serum calcium and potassium imbalances. Excitable membranes, especially nerve cell membranes, may depolarize spontaneously.
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| Magnesium's functions: | Magnesium is critical for:
skeletal muscle contraction,
carbohydrate metabolism,
(ATP) formation,
vitamin activation,
and cell growth.
Extracellular magnesium regulates blood coagulation and skeletal muscle contractility.
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| Hyperphosphatemia problems: | Results from hypocalcemia problems
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| Hypermagnesemia may lead to what blood problem: | Clotting
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| Phosphate exists in a reciprical balance b/t which electrolyte? | Calcium
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| Calcium has an inverse relationship with which electrolyte? | Phosphate
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| What happens if there is too little phosphate? | There is a lot of calcium, and this causes excitable tissues to be less sensitive to normal stimuli.
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| What happens if there is too much phosphate? | There is less calcium in the blood, and this result in excitable tissues to be more sensitive to normal stimuli
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| Hypophosphotemia assessment: | weak skeletal muscles that may progress to acute muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis). The weakness is generalized,
paresthesias not present.
respiratory movements are ineffective, leading to respiratory failure.
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| Hypophosphotemia and cardiac muscles: | Cardiac depression is caused by low stores of intracellular energy. Without sufficient energy in myocardial cells, contractions are weak and ineffective. Prolonged hypophosphatemia causes progressive but reversible cardiac muscle damage.
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| Calcium | Stabilizes membrane potential
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| Low serum calcium | Allows excitable cells to fire spontaneously
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| Assessing for hypocalcemia | Assess for hypocalcemia by testing for Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs.
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| Potassium infusion maximun rate | 1mEq/10ml
maintaining an infusion rate not faster than 5 to 10 mEq of potassium per hour
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| Potassium | Has to to with activating cells --
low = weak response to impulse
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| Hyponatremia | Muscle weakness
Check for respiratory muscle functions
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