DHS PS Chapter 15/16 Review
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| When all the atoms in a substance are alike, the substance is an? | element
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| A substance with two or more elements combined in a fixed proportion it is called a ________? | compound
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| A mixture of different and easily distinguishable materials is what type of mixture? | heterogeneous mixture
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| A mixture that contains two or more gaseous, liquid, or solid substances blended evenly and is also called a solution is what type of mixture? | homogeneous mixture
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| A heterogeneous mixture with larger particles that never settle is called? | colloid
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| A heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle is called a? | suspension
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| A substance is _______? | either an element or a compound
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| The silvery liquid used in thermometers, called mercury, is an? | element
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| When a substance has all the exact combinations of elements are always the same it is called a? | compound
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| A material made up of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means is called a? | mixture
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| Classify an unopened soft drink. | homogeneous mixture or solution
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| Classify milk. | heterogeneous mixture or colloid
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| Classify salt water. | homogeneous mixture or solution
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| Classify water. | pure substance or compound
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| A characteristic of a material which can be observed without changing the identity of the substances in the material is called a? | physical property
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| Color, shape, size, melting point, and boiling point are all examples of? | physical properties
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| A physical description of a substance is called? | appearance
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| How a substance acts: magnetism, viscosity, ductility is called? | behavior
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| A change in a substance's size, shape, or state of matter are called? | physical changes
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| When a substance undergoes a physical change it does not change its? | identity
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| A process for separating a mixture by evaporating a liquid and condensing its vapor is called? | distillation
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| Characterisitice of a substance indicating that it can change chemically is called a? | chemical property
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| Examples of chemical properties are? | flammability, light sensitivity of a substance
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| When one substance changes to another substance what has occurred? | a chemical change
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| Some chemical changes are indicated by? | temperature change, smell, or bubble formation
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| How can chemical changes be used? | to separate elements from ore or to clean tarnished jewelry.
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| Mass of all substances present before a chemical change equals the mass of all substances after the change is called? | Law of Conservation of Mass
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| What type of change is distillation? | Physical, because identities of substances do not change
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| An example of physical weathering is? | the formation of a canyon by a flowing stream
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| a change in size, shape, or state of matter is what type of change? | physical
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| The law of conservation of mass states that? | the mass of all substances present before a change equals the mass of all the substances remaining after the change
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| A characteristic of a substances that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change is what type of property? | chemical property
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| An example of a physical change is? | An iron turning white when it is heated
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| An example of a chemical change is? | burning of a log
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| An example of a physical property is? | freezing point
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| A characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the material is a? | physical property
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| A change of one substance to another is called a? | chemical change
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| What are the states of matter? | solid, liquid, gas
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| What explains how particles in matter behvave? | kinetic theory
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| All matter is composed of small _______? | particles
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| Particles are in constant, random ______? | motion
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| The total energy of a material's particles is called? | thermal energy
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| What is the temperature of a substance, or how fast the particles are moving called? | average kinetic energy
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| The lower the the temperature, ______? | the slower the particle motion
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| In what state of matter the particles are closely packed together in a specific type of geometric arrangement? | solid
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| In what state of matter does a solid begin to liquefy at the melting point as the particles gain enough energy to overcome their ordered arrangement? | liquid
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| Energy that is required to reach the melting point is called? | heat of fusion
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| In state state of matter do the particles have more space between them allowing them to flow and take the shape of their container? | liquid
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| In what state of matter do the liquid particles have enough energy to escape the attractive forces of the other particles in the liquid? | gas
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| What is the energy required for a liquid to change to a gas? | heat of vaporization
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| When the pressure of the liquid's vapor is equal to the pressure of the atmosphere, and that liquid becomes a gas it is at the? | boiling point
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| When gas particles spread evenly throughout their container this process is called? | diffusion
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| As a solid melts and a liquid vaporizes, the temperature remains constant it is called the? | heating curve of a liquid
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| The state of matter consisting of high-temperature gas with balanced positively and negatively charged particles is called? | plasma
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| The increase in the size of a substance when the temperature increases is called? | thermal expansion
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| When the temperature decreases, the size of a substance will ______? | decrease
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| Expansion and contraction occur in _______? | all three phases
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| What lacks the tightly ordered structure found in crystals? | amorphous solids
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| How are temperature and kinetic energy related? | temperature means the average kinetic energy of a substance, or how fast the paricles are moving.
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| Atoms in a solid material are arranged in a geometric pattern called a? | crystal lattice
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| What are the states of matter? | solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
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| The _________ of a substance is the temperature at which a solid begins to liquefy. | meling point
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| How would you best describe the particles in a solid? | particles that are tightly packed together
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| The amount of energy needed to change a substance from a solid phase to a liquid phase is? | heat of fusion
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| When the temperature of a substance is lowered, its particles? | vibrate more slowly
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| What is the energy an object has due to its motion? | kinetic energy
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| Why can people on one side of a room smell the sent of an air freshener sprayed on the opposite side? | The molecules of an air freshener have diffused
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| A material made up of two or more substances that can be easily separated by physical methods is called a? | mixture
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| A substance in which the atoms of two or more elements are combined in a fixed proportion are called a? | compound
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| An element used to reduce radiation exposure while taking X rays? | lead
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| A type of matter with fixed composition, such as an element or compound? | substance
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| A mixture where the particles are so small they cannot be seen with a microscope, and will not settle to the bottom of the mixture? | solution
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| A mixture that is homogeneous when the can that holds it is closed, and a heterogeneous mixture of gas and a solution when the can is opened? | soft drink
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| A type of mixture that contains particles blended evenly throughout, so you cannot see more than one part? | homogeneous
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| A very strong, lightweight metal, used in body implants is? | titanium
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| A greenish-yellow poisonous gas that can react to produce table salt is? | chlorine
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| A silvery metal that can react to produce table salt is? | sodium
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| Granite, concrete, and soup mixes are examples of this type of mixture where you can clearly see different materials? | heterogeneous
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| What is the element with the highest melting point; soft enough to draw into a light bulb filament, or be combined with steel to be extremely durable? | tungsten
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| How can the Tyndall effect help you tell the difference between a solution and a colloid? | A light beam is invisible when shone through a solution. When a light beam is shone through a colloid, the light scatters and you see the beam
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| What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change? | A physical change does NOT change the composition of a material, a chemical change does
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| What are the 3 assumptions of kinetic theory? | 1). all matter is composed of small particles 2). these particles are in constant random motion 3). these particles are colliding with each other and the walls of their container
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| The total energy of materials, particles is called? | thermal energy
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| What is known as the energy of motion? | kinetic energy
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| What is energy due to position or bonding called? | potential energy
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| What is measured by temperature, and the average movements of molecules called? | average kinetic energy
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| When molecules are packed tightly together what state of matter is it in? | solid
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| When bonds of a solid are broken it is known as? | melting point
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| When energy is required to melt it is known as? | heat of fusion
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| Which state of matter are molecules slipping/sliding past each other? | liquid
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| Which state of matter do molelcules take the shape and volume of their container? | gas
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| Vaporization that occurs at the surface is known as? | evaporation
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| What is the point where pressure of a vapor is equal to the surface? | boiling point
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| The amount of energy required for a liquid to become a gas is known as? | heat of vaporization
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| The spreading out of particles is called? | diffusion
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| What is the state of matter that s positively and negatively charged? | plasma
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| The increase of size due to temperature is known as? | thermal expansion
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| ________ occurs due to a strong attraction of its polar molecules? | Water's Strange Expansion
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| What is change over a temperature range called? | Melting Amorphous Solids
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| Examples of physical change are? | boiling water, burting of a balloon, crumpling a piece of paper, sawing wood, crushing a can
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| Fog is an example of a? | colloid
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| When a log burns in a fire, _________? | a new substance is formed
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| What is another name for a homogeneous mixture? | solution
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| When two or more substances are combined so each substance can be separated by physical means, the result is called a? | mixture
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| The scattering of light by colloids is called? | the Tyndall effect
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| Smoke is an example of a? | colloid
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| The color of ink is what type of property? | physical property
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| When gasoline is burned in an engine, _____? | new substances are formed
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| A substance that is made up of only one kind of atom is an? | element
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| If an unknown substance CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances, it is? | an element, made of one kind of atom
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| If a material contatins 2-3 elements joined in a fixed proportion, it is an? | compound
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| Water is a compound because? | It cannot be broken down into simpler substances and it always has two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atoms
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| What are the characteristics of a mixture? | it is made of 2 or more substances that can be seperated by physical means
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| A mixture that appears to contain only one substance is a? | homogeneous mixture
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| A mixture can be classified as a solution, suspension, or colloid based on? | the size of its largest particles
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| Filtration can be used to separate mixtures based on? | the size of their particles
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| What method can be used to separate parts of a liquid mixture when the entire mixtrue can pass through a filter? | distillation
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| When a physical change in a sample occurs, what does NOT change? | composition
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| A characteristic of a homogenous mixture is? | a mixture in which two or more substances are evenly distributed
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| Process such as dissolving, melting, freezing, and evaporating can affect the appearance of a substance but the identity of the substance remains the same. these processes are called? | physical changes
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| Most metallic elements, such as copper and iron, have high melting points. This is a useful property because? | it enables people to use pots and pans made of metal to cook food
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| When an object changes from a solid to a liquid, energy is? | required
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