The Nature of Crime
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| crime | an act of omission of an act that is prohibited and punishable by federal statute
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| criminal law | the body of laws that prohibit and punish acts that injure people, property, and society as a whole
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| quasi-criminal laws | laws covering less serious offenses at the provincial or municipal level; most often punishable by fines
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| actus reus | "the guilty act" - the voluntary action, omission, or state of being that is forbidden by the Criminal Code
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| mens rea | a deliberate intention to commit a wrongful act, with reckless disregard for the consequence
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| intent | a state of mind in which someone desires to carry out a wrongful action, knows what the results will be, and is reckless regarding the consequences
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| general intent | the desire to commit a wrongful act, with no ulterior motive or purpose
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| specific intent | the desire to commit one wrongful act for the sake of accomplishing another
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| motive | the reason a person commits a crime
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| knowledge | the awareness of certain facts that can be used to establish mens rea
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| criminal negligence | wanton or reckless disregard for the lives and safety of others, sometimes causing serious injury or death
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| recklessness | consciously taking an unjustifiable risk that a reasonable person would not take
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| wilful blindness | a deliberate closing of one's mind to the possible consequences of one's actions
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| regulatory laws | federal or provincial statutes meant to protect the public welfare
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| liability | legal responsibility for a wrongful action
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| strict liability offences | offences that do not require mens rea but to which the accused can offer defence of due diligence
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| due diligence | the defence that the accused took every reasonable precaution to avoid committing a particular offence
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| absolute liability offences | offences that do not require mens rea and to which the accused can offer no defence
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| perpetrator | the person who actually commits the crime
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| parties to an offence | those people who are indirectly involved in committing a crime
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| aiding | a criminal offence that involves helping a perpetrator commit a crime
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| abetting | the crime of encouraging the perpetrator to commit an offence
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| counselling | the crime that involves advising, recommending, or persuading another person to commit a criminal offence
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| accessory after the fact | someone who knowingly receives, comforts, or assists a perpetrator in escaping from the police
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| party to a common intention | the shared responsibility among criminals for any additional offences that are committed in the course of the crime they originally intended to commit
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| attempt | the intention to commit a crime, even when the crime is not completed
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| conspiracy | an agreement between two or more people to carry out an illegal act, even if that act does not actually occur
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