Peds Final CCC PN105
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| expressive language delay | points and can understand speaking, but does not speak
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| preschooler | slowing growth process, mastery of motor-social-cognitive abilities, cooperative play, symbolic functioning, egocentrism, animism, artificialism, centeringim, imitation of parents
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| toddler vital signs | 20/40 vision by 3, 20/30 by 4, 20/20 by school age; all 20 primary teeth by 3; pulse 90-110; respirations 20/min; BP 85-90/60
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| mental retardation | developmental disability characterized by mental and physical impairment with IQ below 75 and deficit in adaptive behavior
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| school age sleep requirements | 10-13 hrs
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| latchkjey children | subject to higher rate of accidents and at risk for feeling isolated and alone
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| Erickson infancy | trust/mistrust
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| Erickson toddler | autonomy/shame
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| Erickson preschooler | initative/guilt
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| Erickson school age | industry/inferiority
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| Erickson adoleschnce | identiy/role diffusion
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| daydreaming benefits | helps fill lonliness void; valuable safety valve for expression of strong feelings
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| adolescent safety hazards | PACE (parents/peers/pot, alcohol/autos, cigarettes, education); substance abuse, depression, pregnancy
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| acne | inflammation of sebaceous glands and ahir follicles; influenced by hormones; enlarge at puberty; can be brief or long lasting
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| sources of zinc | red meat, poultry, beans, nuts, whole grains, fortified cereal, dairy products
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| otitis externa | acute infection of external ear canal (swimmers ear) due to prolonged moisture exposure; pain and tenderness on manipulation of pinna
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| acute otitis media | inflammation of middle ear; usually caused by URI and most commong between 6-24mos age and early childhood; infants more prone due to eustachian tubes shorter, wider, and straighter; severe pain, irritability, and diminshed hearing common
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| typanostomy care | avoid getting water in ears
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| communication in toddlers | language parallel to cognitive growth; first words at 1yr; 900 words by age 3; refer to animals by sound it makes; respond to vocal tone and facial expression; empathy minimizes toddler frustrations
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| strabismus | cross-eyes; child cannot direct both eyes toward same object, lack of coordination between eye muscles; corrected with glasses or cover unaffected eye with patch until old enough for glasses; surgery at age 3-4 if necessary
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| amblyopia | lazy eye; reduction or loss in vision in children who favor one eye; earlier treatment is essential; strabismus is most common type; glasses and patched unaffected eye to treat
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| hyphema | blood in anterior chamber of eye; most common occular injury; bright red or dark spot in front of lower iris; rest and topical medication to treat
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| seizures | generalized/tonic-clonic/grand mal; absence/petit mal; partial/complex partial; atonic/drop attacks
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| meningitis | inflammation of meninges covering brain and spinal cord; peak of bacterial between 6-12mos, less common over 4yrs; preceeded by URI and GI symptoms; severe headache, stiffness of neck, drowsiness, delirium, irritability, restlessness, fever, vomiting
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| meningitis treatment | spinal tap to diagnose; isolation until 24h after antibiotics initiated; antibiotics given 10-14 days with anticonvulsant (Dilantin)
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| fontanelles | soft spots on infant cranium that protect head during delivery and allow for brain growth
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| anterior fontanelle | diamond shaped, closes 12-18mos
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| posterior fontanelle | triangle shaped, closes by 2mos
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| decorticate posture | flexor posturing; arms, wrists, and fingers are flexed like praying, toes pointed like ballerina - severe brain injury
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| decerebrate posture | extensor posturing; all limbs are extended and hands are pronated - brainstem injury
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