Sleep and Rest NU112
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| Sleep | - Naturally recurring state of rest accompanied by altered conscious and relative inactivity
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| Rest | - Decreased state of activity resulting in feelings of refreshment.
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| Normal Sleep Cycle | - Wakefulness
-> NREM stage I
--> NREM stage II
---> NREM stage III
----> NREM stage IV
---> NREM stage III
--> NREM stage II
-> REM
--> NREM stage II
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| NREM | - non rapid eye movement
- Usually dream stage
- decrease in pulse, respiration, BP,temp, metabolic rate
- 75% of total sleep
- 4 Stages
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| NREM Stage I | - 5% of sleep time
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| NREM Stage II | - 50% of sleep time
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| NREM Stage III & IV | - 10% of sleep time
- Deep Sleep or Delta Sleep
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| REM | - Rapid Eye Movement
- 20 - 25%
- Difficult to arouse
- Vivid Dreams
- increased pulse, respiration,BP,temp, metabolic rate
- decreased muscle tone and deep tendon reflexes
- Essential to mental and emotional health
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| REM Rebound | - decrease will result in increased on future nights allowing for consistency.
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| Circadian Rhythm | - Biologic clock
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| Sleep Cycle | - 4-5 cycles nightly, lasts 90 - 100 minutes, cycles lengthen towards morning
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| Sleep Requirements and Patterns | - 8 hours accepted standard
- infant - 14 - 20 hours
- Children - 10 - 14 hours
- Adult - 7 - 9 hours
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| fatigue | - is normal, protective, warning
- Chronic is abnormal, can result in illness
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| Adults and Sleep | - take longer to fall asleep
- wake earlier and more frequent
- less able to cope with change
- naps reduce quality of sleep
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| Infants and Sleep | - SIDS
- supine decrease mortalitiy by 50%
- 72% of nurses agreed but only 30% educated
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| Motivation and Sleep | - Party or Lecture
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| Culture and Sleep | - Ritual
- place
- position
- pattern
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| Dietary and Sleep | - Protein - causes alertness
- carbs - promotes calm and relaxation
- alcohol - small amounts promote large amounts limit REM and NREM
- caffeine and nicotine - should be avoided
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| Melatonin and Sleep | - released to decrease wakefulness and promotes sleep, increases REM and NREM
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| Work Shift and Sleep | - causes sleep loss
- anxiety, loneliness
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| Exercise and Sleep | - no less than 2 hours before bead or it will hinder sleep
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| Stress and Sleep | - anxiety decrease REM
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| Chronotherapuetics | - Strategic use of medications admin.
- anti-hypertensives peak in early am
- chemo less toxic at certain times
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| Dyssomnias | - Insomnia
- hypesrsomnia
- narcolepsy
- Sleep apnea
- Restless leg Syndrome
- Sleep deprivation
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| Insomnia | - Excessive Sleepiness
- most common 12 - 25%
- difficult to treat
- hard time falling asleep, inter. sleep, early waking,
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| Hypersomnia | - excessive sleep
- usually daytime during work
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| Narcolepsy | - uncontrollable desire to sleep during standing, driving, swimming, conversations.
- Difficult to wake
- neurologic disorder with sleep attacks
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| Sleep apnea | - Absence of breathing or diminished breathing efforts
- breathing may cease for 10 - 20 unto 2 min
- excessive daytime sleepiness is a symptom
- common in mid. aged man with short necks and are obese
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| Restless Leg Syndrome | - cant lay still
- unpleasant creeping or tingling sensation
- 25% have iron deficiency
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| Sleep Deprivation | - decrease in amount quality, and consistency
- decrease in REM or NREM
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| Parasomnias | - patterns of waking behavior during sleep such as somnambulism, night terrors, enuresis, sleep related eating disorders,
- usually outgrown
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