nur151 module 1
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| Name the nursing program core values | Critical thinking, caring, holism, safe practice, role development, information management and technology
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| Define critical thinking | An active organized cognitive process used to examine one's thinking and the thinking of others. / A process that involves using one's mind in framing conclusions, making decisions, drawing inferences and reflecting.
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| Name the skills involved in the critical thinking process. | Interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, exlanation, self regulation.
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| Define interpretation as it relates to critical thinking | Systematic orderly data collection; look for patterns to categorize data, clarify any data you are uncertain about
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| Define analysis as it relates to critical thinking | be open minded as you look at information about the patient; do not make careless assumptions; does data reveal what you believe is true or are there other options.
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| Define evaluation as it relates to critical thinking | look at all situations objectively; use criteria (expected outcomes, pain characteristics, learning objectives) to determine results of nursing actions; reflect on your own behavior.
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| Define inference as it relates to critical thinking | looking at the meaning and significance of findings; does data about the patient help you see that a problem exists?
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| Define explanation as it relates to critical thinking | support your findings and conclusions; use knowledge and experience to choose strategies to use in the care of patients; justify procedures and present arguments.
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| Define self-regulation as it relates to critical thinking | reflect on your experiences; identify the ways you can improve your own performance; what will make you believe you have been successful?
Define caring
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| Benner's statement on caring | caring means that persons, events, projects and things matter to people; it creates possibility
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| With what is an ethic of care concerned? | relationships between people and with a nurses character and attitude towards others.
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| ______________ is at the heart of ability to work with people in ____________&___________ways. | caring, respectful, therapeutic
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| How is caring related to culture? | Human caring varies among cultures in its expressions, processes and patterns.
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| Name the 5 characteristics of Swanson's theory of caring | Knowing, being with, doing for, enabling, maintaining belief
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| Define knowing according to Swanson | striving to understand an event as it has meaning in the life of the other; avoiding assumptions; centering on the one cared for; seeking cues; engaging the self or both.
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| Define being with according to Swanson | being emotionally present to the other; being there, conveying ability, sharing feelings, not burdening
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| Define doing for according to Swanson | doing for the other as he or she would do for self if it were possible; comforting; anticipating; performing skillfully; protecting; preserving dignity
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| Define enabling according to Swanson | facilitating the others passage through life transitions (eg. birth, death) and unfamiliar events; informing; explaining; supporting; allowing; focusing; generating alternatives; validating; giving feedback
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| Define maintaining belief according to Swanson | sustaining faith in the others capacity to get through an event or transition and face a future with meaning; believing in; holding in esteem; maintaining a hope filled with attitude; offering realistic optimism; going the distance
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| Define holism | the whole is greater than the sum of it's parts
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| Name three domains of holistic nursing | Theory, concept, practice
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| Holism considers these five aspects of the individual | physiological, psychological, sociocultural, intellectual, spiritual
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| Describe holistic nursing care | the art and science of caring for teh whole person, knowing that each individual is unique in all aspects of self.
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| What are four holistic concepts to keep in mind as a nurse relating to a patient? | Mind and body are one, not separate; people are responsible for their own choices; people have power to solve their own problems; well-being is multifaceted (physical, emotional, mental, spiritual)
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| Define safe practice as it relates to the core values | providing safe quality patient care according to the standards of practice
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| What are the minimum standards of care | Assessment, diagnosis, Outcomes ID, planning, implementation, (coordination of care; health teaching & health promotion; consultation; prescriptive authority & treatment) & evaluation
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| Define assessment in relation to ANA SoP | the registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patients health or situation
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| Define diagnosis in relation to ANA SoP | the registered nurse analyses the assessment data to determine the diagnosis or issues
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| Define outcomes ID in relation to ANA SoP | the registered nurse identifies expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the patient or situation
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| Define planning in relation to ANA SoP | the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcomes
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| Define implementation in relation to ANA SoP | the registered nurse implements the identified plan within 4 domains (coordination of care, health teaching and promotion, consultation and prescriptive authority and treatment)
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| Define evaluation in relation to ANA SoP | the registered nurse evaluates progress toward attainment of outcomes
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| What is the current and expanded role of the nurse? | comfort and care, specific functions, health promotion & illness prevention as well as concern for client as a whole
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| What are the classifications of the progressive roles in the continuum of nursing? | Novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert.
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| Define novice nurse | beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a new field w/o experience
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| Define advanced beginner nurse | nurse who has some level of experience with the situation; is able to identify meaningful aspects of principles of nursing care
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| Define competent nurse | nurse who has been in the same position for 2-5 years, understands the organization and specific care required; generally has experience with all types of psychomotor skills required by this type of client
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| Define proficient nurse | > 3 yrs exp in same position & perceives & assess situation as a whole, uses knowledge; focuses on managing care as opposed to managing & performing skills
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| Define expert nurse | diverse experience intuitive grasp of existing or potential clinical problems; able to zero in on the problem & focus on multiple dimensions of the situation; identifys needs of novice nurse
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| Define information management in relation to the core values | interventions to facilitate communication among health care providers
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| What is the biggest trend shaping health care? | evidence based practice - EBP
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| A step-by-step approach ensures that you obtain the strongest available evidence to apply in patient care. | evidence based practice - EBP
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| Basic description of LPN, RN and APN | LPN - 18 mo program / pass NCLEX-LPN, RN - 24 to 48 month program depending on ASN or BSN / pass NCLEX-RN,
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| Name nine major rolls in nursing | caregiver, communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, manager of care, member of dicipline
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| Define caregiver | combines the art of caring and the science of nursing to meet the holistic needs of individuals, families and communities through collaboration with other health professionals.
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| Define communicator | uses effective interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills to establish and maintain helping relationships with clients of all ages in a wide variety of health care settings
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| Define teacher | the nurse educator uses communication skills to assess, plan, implement and evaluate client learning; the nurse shares information formally and informally and acts as a consultant to promote restore and maintain health
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| Define counselor | nurses encourage clients to look at alternatives, recognize their choices and develop a sense of control in rapidly changing health care environments
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| Define leader, nurse manager | demonstrates ability to communicate effectively uses critical thinking skills, coordinates cost effective care & provides case management; delegates care, guides & directs others; collaborates w/interdisciplinary health care teams.
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| Leadership roles held by staff nurses | team leaders, charge nurses, role models
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| Define researcher | the nurse researcher uses and participates in nursing research to increase knowledge in nursing and improve client care.
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| Define advocate | promotes human dignity, respects diversity, protects legal rights of client, enhances access to health care, assists clients in making informed decisions regarding health
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| Define manager of care | nurse is responsible for assessing client needs; developing a care plan, ensuring appropriate interventions are delivered to client; often serves as coordinator between different members of HC team.
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| Define elder abuse | Harm caused by: physical abuse, neglect, intimidation, cruel punishment, financial abuse, abandonment, deprivation of goods or services necessary to avoid physical harm or mental suffering of an elderly adult
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| Define passive neglect | well-intentioned caregiver is incapable of meeting the needs of the elder.
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| Define active neglect | malicious, with holding of basic life necessities, can include over or under medicating
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| Define psychological abuse | profanity or intimidating verbal conduct
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| Define financial abuse | caregiver squanders elders funds or refuses to make expenditures necessary to the patient's health or general well-being
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| Five patient rights of delegation RN's can delegate | ; 1. right task 2. right circumstance 3. right person 4. right communication/direction 5. right supervision.
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| Scope of practice | SoP is set by the state board of nursing; each RN is responsible for state SoP, agency policies and procedures; do not perform a procedure if you do not feel adequately trained and prepared.
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| Professional boundaries maintain professional relationships with clients and their families; proficient conflict management skills; | self care strategies; workers rights - harassment - discrimination - violence.
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| Conflict management with other health care workers common areas of conflict include: | failure to communicate effectively; workload division; quality of care; treatment decisions; errors.
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| Ethical responsibilities related to professional nurse practice | autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice fidelity, veracity, confidentiality, accountability.
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| Autonomy | right to be self determined; to make decisions based on ones own values, adequate information and sound reasoning that considers all of the alternatives
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| Beneficence | benefiting others; intent of acting in the best interest of the client
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| Non-maleficence | avoidance of harm or hurt; choosing the least harmful intervention that will provide the most benefit
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| Justice | intending to treat others fairly and giving what is due or owed
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| Fidelity | faithfulness to patient and co-workers and institutions; keeping promises
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| Veracity | the value of honestly telling the truth
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| Confidentiality | respecting the privacy of information; HIPPA
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| Accountability | taking responsibility for the consequences of your performance; mistakes or negligence
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| Assault | deliberate attempt or threat to inflict bodily injury upon another person and with the apparent ability to do so.
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| Battery | illegal touching of another person
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| Fraud | deliberate deception; intended to produce unlawful gain
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| Liability | the condition of being actually or potentially subject to legal obligation
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| Malpractice | improper or illegal practice as in medicine or law
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| Negligence | failure to take responsible precautions to protect others from the risk of harm
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| Libel | false charges; written or published information that causes unjust damage to a persons reputation
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| Slander | stating false information that damages someones reputation
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| Patient Self-Determination Act of 1991 (PSDA) | requires all HCF to have written P&P concerning advanced directives and give this information to all patients upon admission
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| Advanced directives | gives an individual a right to accept or refuse treatment in advance of a situation where they are unable to communicate their wishes and they will surely die, ie. DNR, DNH
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| DNR do not resuscitate; | written order by a physician if a person does not want CPR in the event of cardio-pulmonary arrest; generally seen in terminally ill and elderly pts.
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| Living will | legal document in which patient makes their wishes known regarding life sustaining measures if they become incapacitated; ie. cpr, ventilators, feeding tubes, IV fluids
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| Health care power of attorney | appoint someone to make medical decisions for you if you are unable
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| Internal or external disasters | computer crash, power outage, terrorist attack, natural disasters
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| Fire procedures RACE and PASS; | Rescue Alarm Contain Extinguish; Pull pin Aim Squeeze trigger Sweep at base of flame.
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| Sentinel events | TJC tracks these incidences; ie. amputation of wrong leg, baby abduction, surgery on wrong person, patient suicide
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| Risk management | implementation of policies that reduce danger or hazard; reduces risk of liability to institution; identifies problems; prevents or reduces risk of occurrence; prevents patient injury; organization liability
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| Accidental error prevention | identify potential; protect from; monitor environment; verify orders; human factors engineering
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| Reducing risk for yourself | carry malpractice insurance; protecting yourself means protecting your patient; dying persons bill of rights; pain care bill of rights; patient care partnership
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| Nursing organizations that accredit educational programs | develop standards of care, support research, provide educational opportunities, lobby for nursing issues ANA, NLN,.
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| EMTALA (emergency medical treatment active labor act) - | cannot turn away a patient in a critical state regardless of financial burden or no insurance
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