definations for the may 2008 exams ( whole bio syllibus )
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| Action Potential | The reversal and then restoration of the electrical potential across the plasma membrane of a nerve cell as an electrical impluse passes along it.
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| Active immunity | Immuntiy due to the produciton of antibodies by the organism itself after stimualtion by invasion with pathogens
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| Active site | The specific region of an enzyme tow hich the substrate or substrates bind
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| Autotroph | Organisms that use an external source of enegry ( light or chemical ) to synthesise organic compounds from inorganic substances
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| Carrier | an individual that has a recessive allele of a gene
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| Carrying Capacity | The max pop size that could be supported by the envirnoment
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| Cell respiration | Release of energy in the form of ATP from the comtrolled breakdown of organic compounds within a cell
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| Clone | A group of genetically identical organisms or a group of cells derived from a single parent cell
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| Codominant allels | Pairs of alleles that both affect the phenotype when present in the heterozygous state
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| Community | A group of population living and interacting wt each other in an area
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| Degenerate | Having more than one abse triplet code for one amino acid
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| Denaturation | A structural change in a protein that results in a loss ( usally permanent) of its biological properties
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| Detritivore | Organisms that feed on dead organic matter by ingesting it
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| Diffusion | The passive movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to low concentration
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| Dominant allele | An allele that has the same effect on teh phnotype when either in the homozygous or heterozygous state
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| Ecology | the study of relationships bt living organisms and the relationship bt living organisms and their envirnoment
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| Ecosystem | A community and its aboitic envirnoment
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| Enzyme | Globular protein capable of catalysing a specific chemical reaction
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| Evolution | The processs of cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population
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| Excretion | Removal form the body of waste products of metabolism
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| Gene | A heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic
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| Gene Mutation | A change in the sequence of bases in a gene
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| Genetic screening | Testing an individual for the presence or absence of an allele
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| Genome | the whole of the genetic info of an orgnanism
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| Genotype | the alleles possessed by an organism
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| Habitat | the envirnoment of which a species normally lives or the the location of a living organism
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| Heterotroph | organsim that obtains its energy from organic molecules that it has consumed
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| Heterozygous | having two diff alleles at a gene locus
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| Homologouse chromosomes | A pair of chromosomes with the same genes but not nescessarily the same alleles of those genes
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| Homozygous | having two identical alleles at a gene locus
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| Linkage group | all those genes on a particular chromosome
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| Locus | the specific position on a homologous chromose of a gene
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| Natural immunity | immunity due to infection
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| Organ | A group of tissues that form a single struture and which work together to carry out a function
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| Organ system | A group of organs that work together to carry out a function
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| Organic | Compounds containing carbon found in organisms (excluding hydrogencarbonates, carbonates, and oxides of carbon)
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| Osmoregulation | The control of the water balance of teh blood, tissue fluid or cytoplasm of living organism
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| Passive immunity | immunity due to the acquisition of antibodies from another organism, via the placenta or colostrum, in which active immunity has been stimualted
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| Pathogen | A organism or virus that causes a disease
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| Phenotype | The characteristics of an organism
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| Pollination | The transfer of pollen from anther to stigma
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| Polygenic inheritance | The transmission of a characteristic influenced by several genes
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| Population | A group of organism of the same species that live in the same area at the same time
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| Recessive allele | an allele that only has an effect on the phenotype when it is homozygous state
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| Recombination | The reassortments of alleles into different combinations from those in the parents
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| Saprotroph | Organism that feed on dead organic matter by secreting disgestive enzymes onto it and absorbing the products of digestion
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| Species | A group of ogranisms that can interbreed to rpoduce fertile offsprings
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| Test cross | Testing aphenotyically dominant phenotype to determine if it is heterozygous or homozygous
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| Tissue | A group of similar cells ogranized into a functional unit
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| Transpiration | The loss of water vapour from the leaves and stems of a plant
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| Trophic level | The position of an organism in a food chain
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| gross production, | The total amount of organic matter made by producers in an ecosystem
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| Net production | Gross production minus the amount used by the producers for respiration
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| biomass | The total amount of dry organic matter in an ecosystem
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| competition | When two or more species compete for a particular resource
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| Herbivory | A primary consumer feeding on a plant or its products
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| Predation | A predator killing its prey
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| Mutualism | A realtionship bt 2 diff speices where both species have some degree of physiological dependency on 1 another and benefit fr the relationship
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| Parasitism | A relationship bt 2 diff species where only 1 species benefits and teh other is usually harmed
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| Universal | Found in all organisms
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| Resting potential | the electrical potential across the plasma membrane of a nerve cell that is not conducting an impluse
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| Osmosis | The passive movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane froma region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration
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| Organelle | A discrete struture within a cell that carries out a specific function
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| Allele | A specific form of a gene, occupying the same gene locus as other alleles of that gene, but differing from other alleles by samll differences in its base sequence
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| Artifical immunity | immuntiy due to inoculation with vaccine
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