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X-ray tube components and tube failure/ tube charts

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Question
Answer
Explain the protective housing of the X-ray tube   show
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show protects against electrical shock. Provides mechanical support Contains oil that serves as an electrical insulator and thermal cushion  
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Metal/Glass Envelope has two diodes, name them..   show
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show to maintain a vacuum. The production of xrays would be less efficient without it because the electrons would interact with the particles in the air.  
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show filled with air molecules because the tube vacuum has deteriorated  
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Internal structure of the X-ray tube   show
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show coil of wire approx. 2 mm in diameter. 1-2 cm long  
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show metal cup that the filament is embedded in.  
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show when tube is on a low current passes through filament, preparing it for an exposure.  
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show cloud of electrons around the filament that becomes so large that it makes it difficult for additional electrons to be boiled off.  
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show come with two focal spots: small and large  
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Benefits of small focal spot   show
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show used with technical factors that require a lot more xray photons. Less detail, less patient dose.  
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show positive side of the X-ray tubes  
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show rotating and stationary  
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rotating anode   show
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Stationary anode   show
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Functions of the anode   show
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Anode materials   show
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show tungsten (molybdenum or rhodium for mammography)  
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Target material characteristics   show
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show the effective focal spot size is smaller than the actual focal spot  
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actual focal spot   show
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show the focal spot that is projected down towards the patient. the actual source of radiation  
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show xray intensity on the cathode side is higher than the intensity on the anode side.  
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show electrons bounce off of the focal tract and enter and interact with an area outside the focal tract to produce xrays  
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show radiation, conduction, convection  
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Causes of tube failure   show
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show temp of the anode is excessive due to exposure exceeding the tube rating chart. Excessive heat can produce many small pitts or melts on the surfaace of the focal tract  
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Long exposure timers   show
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show causes tungsten to vaporize and deposit itself on the inside of the envelope.  
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show single, large exposure to a cold anode causes it to rapidly heat and crack  
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Gassy tube   show
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