The Italian
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| The______________arose in Italy, in part because of its thriving cities, increased trade, and wealthy merchant class. | Renaissance
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| There subjects can be known as humanities, and the movement they inspired is known as _________. | humanism
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| Their focus was also ________;that is, they had a worldly rather than a spiritual focus. | secular
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| One of these humanists,the Italian diplomat ____________ ______________ wrote a book called The Courtiar. | baldassare castiglione
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| At about the same time that Castiglione was finishing The Courtier, a fellow Italian, __________ ______________ of Florence, was writing another influential book. | niccolo machiavelli
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| _________ __ _______, hisself a well-educated poet, supported some of the most talented artists of the day. | lorenzo de medici
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| The henius ___________ __ ______ was a highly talented painter. | leonardo da vinci
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| In Rome at the age of 24, __________________ _______________ won fame with his Pieta, a sculpture of Mary, the Mother of Jesus. | michelangelo buonarroti
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| Raffaello Sanzio, who became known as _________, was a renowned painter and an accomplished architect. | raphael
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| In the mid-1400s,the German _____________ ____________ cast the letters of the alphabet onto metal plates and locked those plates into a wooden press. | johnannes gutenberg
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| The leading Christian humanist was _____________ ________. | desiderius erasmus
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| During his stay, he become friends with an important fellow humanist and English statesman, __ ________ ____. | sir thomas more
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| In an age of great writers, many scholar believe the greatest was English playwright __________ ________________. | william shakespeare
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| Italian-born writer ____________ __ ______ wrote important works focusing on the role women played in society. | christine de pisan
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| German artist __________ _____ visited Italy in late 1400s. | albrecht durer
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| Known as the Flemish School, they used a technique of oil painting that had been perfected in the 1400s by the Flemish painter ___ ___ ____. | jan van eyck
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| By the early 1500s, the concerns crystallized into a reform movement that eventually came to be called the _________ ___________. | protestant reformation
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| To help raise money, he approved the sale of ______________. | indulgences
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| It was in this year that _______ _______ made public his complaints about the church. | Martin Luther
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| A ____________ is a goverment in which church and state are joined and in which officials are considered to be divinely inspired. | theocracy
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| Next to Luther, ____ _______ was the most important Protestant reformer. | John Calvin
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| Inspired by the ideas of Augustine, Calvin preached the doctrine of ______________. | predestination
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| _______ ____ became king of England in 1509 at the age of 17. | Henry V111
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| Henry's decided to have the marriage ___________, or declared invalid based on church laws, so that he could marry again. | annulled
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| ____________ __ was a Protestant at Heart. | Elizabeth 1
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| Later, in response to the spread of protestantism,the church began a series of reforms known as the ____________________. | Counter-Reformation
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| The most influential of these groups was the Society of Jesus, or the Jesuits. | jesuits
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| The Jesuit order was founded in 1534 by _______ __ ________, a Basque nobleman and former soldier. | ignatius of loyola
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| Recognizing the need to redefine the doctrines of the Catholic faith, Pope Paul 111 convened the ________ __ _______ in 1545. | council of trent
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| ________ _______________ was the archbishop of Milan from 1560 to 1584. | charles borromeo
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| In france, _______ __ ______ worked to regain the district of Savoy, which had largely turned to Calvinism. | francis of sales
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| Perhaps the most famous female spiritual leader was _______ __ _______. | teresa of avila
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