Study questions for Chap 18
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| Atoms are usually most stable when they have a full 8 electrons in their valence level fulfills this | octet rule
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| Large organic molecules that have unique properties | macromolecules
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| What factors affect a molecules shape? | the number of bonds an atom forms affects the molecules shape
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| Nonmetals with uneven electron negativities form what type of bonds? | polar covalent bonds
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| Ions in a solution are called | electrolytes
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| element that naturally occurs as 2 identical, bonded atoms or any particle consisting of 2 atoms | Diatomic element
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| Why do atoms bond? | to obey the octet rule, to become more stable and follow the second law of thermodynamics
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| How do electrolytes conduct electrical currents? | they have to be in a solution, makes them an excellent conductor of electricity
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| What determines bond strength and bond type? | the difference in electronegativity of the elements
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| Molecules that are partially charged on each end | polar diatomic molecules
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| Which is stronger; ionic or covalent bonds? | ionic
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| This group of elements have only one or two valence electrons | metals
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| Which type of bonds DO NOT follow the octet rule? | metallic bonds
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| List the properties of ionic compounds. | they can form bonds with metals and nonmetals
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| An unbonded atom's ability to attract and hold electrons is its | electron affinity
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| a bonded atom's ability to attract and hold electrons is its | electronegativity
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| three-dimensional arrangement of atoms or ions | crystal lattice
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| Electrons in metallic compounds are | are free
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| How do the covalent compounds in our bodies show God's design | it shows that these things could only happen because he created us
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| a molecule containing just 2 elements | Diatomic molecule
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| Three properties of metal are | malleability, luster, thermal and electrical conductivity, ductility
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| Metal bonds sharing free electrons | Free electron theory
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| contains carbon and has at least one hydrogen atom | Organic compound.
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| two non-metals share electrons to form bonds | Covalent Bonds
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| low polarity, low melting and boiling point and liquid or gaseous at room temperature is what type of bond | Covalent Bonds
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| formed between a metal and a non-metal. Non-metals are "stronger" than the metal and can get electrons very easily from the metal | Ionic Bonds
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| high polarity, high melting and boiling point and solid at room temperature is what type of bond | Ionic Bonds
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| Hydrogen chloride (HCI), poisonous gas, molecular is covalent or ionic or metallic? | covalent
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| Calcium iodide (Cal2), yellowish white solid, high melting point, soluble in water is covalent or ionic or metallic? | ionic
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| Ytterbium (Yb), silvery lustrous solid, ductile, malleable, high melting point is covalent or ionic or metallic? | metallic
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| Bromine (Br), reddish brown liquid, electrical insulator, molecular is covalent or ionic or metallic? | covalent
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| Magnesium oxide (MgO), powdery white solid, high melting point, electrical insulator is covalent or ionic or metallic? | ionic
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| Aluminum (Al), silver white luster, ductile, good electrical conductor, insoluble | metallic
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| what class of elements form a covalent compounds | nonmetals
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| The smallest ratio of elements in an ionic compound that describes its chemical composition | formula unit
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| form when each atom must share 3 electrons to complete it's octet | triple bond
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| shares 2 pairs of electrons to form a double covalent bond | double bond
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| diatomic elements form bonds with no polarity | nonpolar bonds
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| metal atoms share electrons | metallic bond
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| consist of covalently bonded molecules | covalent compounds
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| pair of dots between the symbols that identifies a covalent bond | Lewis Structure (electron dot notation)
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| What is the difference between eltronegativity and electron affinity? | electronegativity is a bonded atom's ability to attract and hold electrons is its
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| What are two main ways atoms aquire a full outer energy level | sharing electrons and when atoms gain or lose electrons to gain a full octet
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| Name and describe the model that accounts for metallic bonding | the electron sea theory (free electron theory) electrons are shared among all the other bonded atoms in the element
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| How is electron dot notation notations useful for predicting the number of covalent bonds a nonmetal can form? | the number of unpaired dots is the number of covalent bonds the atom can form with other atoms
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| What are the beneficial properties of covalent compounds as the main components of living organisms? | light, flexible, strong and do not easily dissolve
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| Difference between electonegativity and electron affinity? | electronegativity varies it's place on the periodic table and its atomic number ;electron affinity is a measure of how well it attracts and holds electrons
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| Why are covalent bonds between different elements always polar? | They have different electronegativities.
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| what determines the shape of simple molecules | the number of bonds an atom forms
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| how do metal atoms in the solids state most often arrange themselves | in a hexagonal closed package
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