Ch 7

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Question

Answer

What are the three types of target interaction?

Characteristic, heat and bremsstrahlung

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There are _____ joules per keV.

1.6x10(-16)

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As electron kinetic energy in increased, both the ____ and the ___ of the x-ray beam are increased.

intensity; energy

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The distance between the filament and the x-ray tube target is only ___ cm.

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_____ electrons are those that travel from cathode to anode and make up the tube current.

Projectile

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Most of the kinetic energy of projectile electrons is converted into ____.

heat

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During heat production, orbital electrons are not ionized but rather, they are raised to a higher _____.

energy level

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Only approximately ___% of projectile electron kinetic energy is used for the production of heat.

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Doubling the x-ray tube current doubles the ___ produced.

heat

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Regardless of what mA is selected, the efficiency of x-ray production remains ______.

constant

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The efficiency of x-ray production increases with increasing ____.

kVp

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At 60 kVp, only ____% of the electron kinetic energy is converted to x-rays.

0.5

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At 100 kVp, approximately ___% of kinetic energy is converted into x-rays.

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If the projectile electron interacts with an inner-shell electron of the target atom rather than with an outer-shell electron, ___ x-rays can be produced.

characteristic

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During characteristic radiation, _____ occurs by removal of an inner shell electron.

ionization

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If a k-shell electron is removed, an ____ electron will fill the void.

orbital (outer shell)

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Only the k-charteristic x-rays of ____ are useful for imaging.

tungsten

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The effective energy of characteristic x-rays increases with increasing ____ number of the target element.

atomic

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All electrons have the same ____.

mass

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Kinetic energy is converted into ____, ____ and _____.

thermal, heat, x-rays

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The binding energy of a k-shell electron of a tungsten atom is ____ keV.

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______ x-rays are produced when a projectile electron is slowed by the electric field of a target atom nucleus.

Bremsstrahlung

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In the diagnostic range most x-rays are ______ x-rays.

bremsstrahlung

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Bremsstrahlung can be considered radiation that results from the ____ of projectile electrons by the nucleus.

braking

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During ________ interactions, electrons can lose all, none or any intermediate level of the kinetic energy.

bremsstrahlung

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Below ____ kVp no useful characteristic x-ray are generated therefore the x-ray beam is all bremsstrahlung

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What measures the wavelengths or energies that comprise the beam?

X-ray Emission Spectrum

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A discrete spectrum contains only ____ values.

specific

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Characteristic x-rays have precisely ____ energies and form a discrete emission spectrum.

fixed (discrete)

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The word _____ refers to the values of any quantity such as x-rays.

spectrum

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A ____ spectrum contains all possible values.

continuous

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Bremsstrahlung x-rays have a range of energies and form a _______ emission spectrum.

continuous

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Maximum x-ray energy is associated with the minimum x-ray ______.

wavelength

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The maximum x-ray energy is numerically equal to the _____.

kVp

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