Pyschunit3b
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| brainstem | the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the brainstem is responsible for automatic survival functions
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| medulla | the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
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| reticular formation | a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
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| thalamus | the brain's sensory switchboard located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas of the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
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| cerebellum | the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
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| limbic system | doughnut-shaped neural system (including hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives
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| amygdala | two lima bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion
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| hypothalamus | a neural structure below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature) helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward
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| cerebral cortex | the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center
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| glial cells | cells in the nervous system that support, nourish and protect neurons
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| frontal lobes | portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments
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| parietal lobes | portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position
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| occipital lobes | portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields
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| temporal lobes | portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear
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| motor cortex | an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements
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| association areas | areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking and speaking.
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| aphasia | impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to the Wernicke's area( impairing understanding)
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| broca's area | controls language expression-- an area, usually in the left frontal lobe, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech
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| plasticity | the brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage of by building new pathways based on experience
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| neurogenesis | the formation of new neurons
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| corpus callosum | large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
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| split brain | condition resulting from sugary that isolates the brain's two hemispheres by cutting the fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) connecting them
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Created by:
mes95
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