TVAP vocab-midterm
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| Pre-production | scripts, mapping out, storyboard, casting, location
(90%)
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| Production | time of recording
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| Post-Production | editing
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| Program treatment | general overview
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| Target audience | appeal factor
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| Single-column script | narrative
(dramas, comedy)
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| Two-column script | audio on one side and video on the other
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| Program rundown | overview of program
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| Program information sheet (breakdown sheet) | analysis of scripts and all production elements in order of schedule
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| Floor plan | layout of props, set, cameras, and talent
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| Lighting plot | overview of set where lights go
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| Storyboard | series of rough sketches that help visualize and organize camera treatment
(director develops)
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| Shot sheet (shot list) | each shot needed from camera operators
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| Crew list | all crew members list
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| Executive producer (EP) | funds the project; not much direct influence; organization and administration of production group; controls/coordinates business management; negotiating rights; program budget; who is hired
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| Producer | oversees/manage the project; keep schedule/budget; choice of staff/crew; interdepartmental coordination; script acceptance; production scheduling; work with writers; select program concepts; meeting deadlines; production planning; rehearsals; treatments
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| Associate producer | help cast; coordinate scripting/appointments; assist producer; production schedules; complete contracts; booking guests; creating packages; supervising post-production
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| Writer | writes dialogue/script
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| Director | visual interpretor of script; advising, guiding, coordinating production team; approve treatments; choose/hire talent; direct/ rehearse talent in pre rehearsals; guides/cues talent through FD
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| Associate director (AD) | right hand of director; supervising pre rehearsals; location organization; in control room; line shots, graphics, tapes; give/check cues; check timing of program; help with post-production
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| Technical director (TD) | operates switcher/switch board; crew chief
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| Lighting director (LD) | direct lights; designs/develops lighting plot; design/arrange/control all lighting treatment
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| Floor director (stage manager) | responsible for floor/studio; director's contact on floor, booth, in field; cue performers; direct the floor crew; studio organization, safety, discipline, security
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| Camera operator | operates camera
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| A-1 (audio 1/audio mixer/audio engineer) | responsible for overall audio broadcast; technical and artistic quality of sound; determine number/placement of mics; audio cables plugged into mixer; final mix of production
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| A-2 (audio 2/audio assistant) | position mics; run audio cables; operate boom; troubleshooting audio problems; operate field equipment
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| Engineer | maintain all equipment
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| VTR operator | record program; play prerecorded packages; replays
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| Graphics (still store vs chyron) operator | anchors name on screen; implements graphics during production; organizing/typing onscreen text and titles
S- recall for later
C- on air
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| Production assistant (PA) | help producer/director; supervising production office; make coffee; run errands; make copies; pre rehearsals; location organizing; take notes in production meetings
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| Talent | people who appear/heard on screen; actors; anchors; reporters
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| The image gathering process | lens gather light
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| 3 primary colors of television | red, green, blue
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| CCD & CMOS | charge coupled device; complementary metal oxide semiconductor
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| Standard definition (SD) screen aspect ratio | 4:3
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| Standard definition (SD) screen resolution | 720x480
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| High definition (HD) screen aspect ratio | 16:9
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| High definition (HD) screen resolution | 1280x720
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| Interlace scanning | 2 fields for every 1 frame; odd numbered lines first and then paints even lines
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| Progressive scanning | paints all lines at once
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| Fields & frames | 2 fields for 1 frame
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| Zoom | lens has variable focal length
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| Focus | adjust lens for sharpest image
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| Tilt | camera moves up or down
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| Pan | camera pivots left or right on mount
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| Dolly | move whole camera and mount on mount
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| Truck | camera and mount move left or right
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| Pedestal (ped) | raise camera
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| Arc | camera moves around subject in circle/horseshoe
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| Jib/crane | arm fits on tripod and allows camera to move up or down
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| Shot types | CU- close up; emphasis on face
MS- medium shot; frames subject from waist up
WS- wide shot; establishing shot
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| Headroom | space from top of head to upper frame
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| Noseroom | space from face and edge of frame
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| Leadroom | space from front of/direction of moving subject
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| Rule of thirds | guide/help compose picture
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| Over the shoulder shot (OTS) | reverse shot including portion of head/shoulder
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| Depth of field | range of focal length
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| Focal length | distance from lens optical center to image sensor
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| Field of view | area that is visible through optical instrument
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| Iris/lens aperture | adjustable diaphragm of lens
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| F-stop | light allowed through lens
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| Tally lights | light on camera that shows which is recording
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| Chip chart | grayscale chart at beginning of every shot to correct colors during editing
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| White balance | calibration of camera so light will be accurately white
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| Fresnel fixture | universal hard spotlight; most used
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| Ellipsoidal fixture | sharply focused hard spotlight
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| Scoop fixture | light spread uncontrollably; inexpensive; soft/flood light
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| Open lamp fixture | spot/flood; portable and compact
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| Broad lamp fixture | short trough with light reflector; soft; wide angle; light weight
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| Quartz lamp | tungsten halogen
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| Florescent lamp | sealed gas filled tube with phosphor-coated inner surface
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| Incandescent lamp | tungsten; filament; cheap and reliable
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| Gel | colored flexible plastic filters to adjust color of lights; over light
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| Barndoors | adjustable flaps on frame; cut off light beams/restrict light
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| Cookie | perforated opaque/translucent sheet; creates shadows/breakup light/patterns
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| Screen | protects electromagnetic interference
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| Softlight | illumination uncontrolled; lamp reflected off back of lighting instrument
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| Hardlight | sharp edged shadows; key light
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| Spot vs flood | S- illuminate spot
F- flood area with light
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| Baselight | minimal amount of light that allows the camera to see the subject
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| Background light | light illuminating the background alone
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| Effects light | project patterns; spotlights
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| Key light | main source of light
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| Fill light | soften and control key shadows
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| Back light | separates subject form background
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| 3 point lighting | dramas and interviews; directional and diffused
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| Silhouette | outline visible against lighter background
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| Kelvin (K) temperature | color hue/temperature
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| Footcandle | measure of intensity
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| Lighting grid | all lights connected to grid on ceiling
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| Twist-lock connector | twist action to lock connector together
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| Edison connector | parallel blade plug
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| C clamp | hold lights; secure lamps
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| Safety chain | chain on light to secure to grid
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| Lighting (dimmer) board | adjust/control all lights and intensity
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| Scrim | heat proof cloth to diffuse light; substitute-dryer sheets
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| Cyclorama (cyc) | illuminate backgrounds with broad light
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| Dynamic | rugged, good quality sound; low maintenance
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| Condensor | high audio quality; battery/power source
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| Ribbon | desk/voice over; cardioid
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| Omni-directional | wide pickup pattern; all directions
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| Bi-directional | 2 different directions; front and back
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| Unidirectional | sensitive to sounds directly in front
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| Cardioid | 1 directional; vocal/news; handheld
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| Super-cardioid | narrow pick-up pattern
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| Hyper-cardioid | shotgun
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| Lavalier mic | interviews; actors; refs; cardioid and condenser
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| Hand held mic | interviews; singers; commentators; cardioid or omni
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| Boom mic | mic above head
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| Wireless mic | lavalier and handheld
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| Pressure zone mic (PZM) | low profile to capture audio from ceiling or floor; cardioid
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| Hanging mic | orchestra and choirs; high quality sound
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| XLR connectors | plugs and sockets; electrical connector design
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| Phone 1/4" connectors | audio connectors; audiojack
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| Impedance | resistance of electrical circuit to alternating current
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| Balanced vs unbalanced | B-send audio protects from interference; 3 conductors for 1 signal
U- 2 lines transmit signal
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| Decibels (dB) | measure intensity of sound
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| VU meters | volume unit; % modulation
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| Volume vs gain | V- degree of sound/loudness
G- voltage/ power increase
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| Distortion | alternation of original shape
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| Feedback | squeal from loudspeaker by re-entry of loudspeaker sound into mic
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| Foldback | intentional playback of audio cues to studio floor
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| IFB (interruptible foldback) | broadcasting/motion picture production- cueing, communication (crew), audio monitoring
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| Zero tone (1K tone) | standard frequency to calibrate audio
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| Segue | uninterrupted transition from 1 piece to another
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| Crossfade | gradual increase/decrease of signal levels
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| Video switcher | video signals switch with sources and audio; switch camera to camera
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| MLE (multilayer effect) | effects on green screen/chromakey
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| Program bus | on air
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| Preview (preset) bus | about to go on air
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| Key | key in
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| DSK (downstream key) | graphic overlay of regular video on tv
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| DVE (digital video effect) | transitions from 1 scene to another
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| Cut | instantaneous switch from 1 shot to next
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| Dissolve | gradual transition between 2 images
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| Fade | dissolve between black and video images
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| Wipe | special effect transition between 2 images
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| Upcut | turn on mic after anchor began speaking/before stopped talking
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| Downcut | turn off mic after talking
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| Still store | recall for later
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| Chyron | on air
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| VTR (video tape recorder) | records program; replays
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| Teleprompter | computer generated text on reflective glass over lens of camera
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| Color bars & 1K tone (bars and tone) | c-reference pattern for matching the video output of multiple cameras
t- balance
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