Pain
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Nature of pain: Only the client knows | Subjective,highly individualized
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| Pain is the leading cause of: | disability
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| The Joint Commission standard requires that pain be assessed on a regular basis; has become known as.. | 5th vital sign
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| Cellular damage causes the release of neurotransmitters (3 types) | thermal, mechanical,chemical
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| Neurotransmitters | Prostagladins, bradykinin,potassium, histamine, substance P
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| Neurotransmitters surround the pain fibers, spreading the pain message and causing an: | inflammatory response
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| How do nerve impluses travel? | along the afferent (sensory) nerve fibers to the spinal cord
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| Pain impulses ascend the spinal cord to the: | thalamus
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| The thalamus transmits the pain information to: | higher brain centers that perceive pain
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| 2 types of sensory nerves fibers: | A Delta fibers and C fibers
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| A Delta Fibers | Fast myelinated: send sharp, localized, distinct sensations (Sharp)
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| C Fibers | Slow, smal, unmyelinated: send poorly localized, burning, persistant pain (chronic)
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| Conversion of stimulus into electical energy (thermal, mechanical, Chemical) | Transduction
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| Sending of impluse across a sensory pain nerve fiber (nociceptor) | Transmission
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| The patient's experience of pain | Perception
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| Inhibition of pain/release of inhibitory neurtransmitters | Modulation
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| Pain has emotional and cognitive components, in addition to: | a physical sensation
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| Gating mechanisms in the CNs: | regulate/block pain impluses
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| The basis for nonpharmacological pain relief interventions | Closing the gate
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| Motor impulse is controled by: | Motor neuron
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| Sensory impluse is controlled by: | Sensory neuron
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| Types of Pain: Protective, identifiable, short duration; limited emotional response | Acute/Transient pain (threat unless realeaved)
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| Types of Pain: Is not protective, has no purpose, may or may not have an identifiable cause | Chronic/persistent (non cancer)
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| Types of Pain: Occurs sporadically over an extended duration | Chronic episode (GERD, migraine, sickle cell)
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| Types of Pain: can be acute or chronic | Cancer
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| Types of Pain: Musculoskeletal, visceal or neuropathic | Inferred pathological (bone, joint, muscle aching)
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| Types of Pain: Chronic pain without identifiable physical or psycholgical cause | Idiopathic (complex regional pain center- physical/psychological)
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| Approach to pain "A" | Ask about the pain regularly, be systematic
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| Approach to pain "B" | Beleive the patient and family
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| Approach to pain "c" | Choose pain control options appropriate for the patient
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| Approach to pain "d" | Deliver interventions in a timely manner
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| Approach to pain "e" | Empower patient and their families to control their pain and course of action
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| Nursing Assessment: | Patients expression of pain, characteristics, onset and duration, location, intensity/severity (0-10), quality/description, pattern
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| Nonpharmological interventions: | relaxation/guided imagery, distraction, music, cutaneous stimulation, herbals, reducing pain perception
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| what do you need a physician order for? | Heat/Cold, TENS, Meds, herbal
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| Analgesic acute pain management: | narcotics (Opiods), non-narcotics (non opiods), Anjuvants/coanalgesics (combo drugs)
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| Delivery systems of pharmacological pain control: | PCA, Local/regional analgesics (edpideral), topical agens/transdermal patches (lidocaine)
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| Fentanyl patch: | For cancer patients, lowers respiratory rate, lasts 48-72hrs, 100x more potent than morphine. Causes drowsiness, constipation
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| What is the antidote for a narcotic OD? | Narcan
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| Barriers to effective pain management... | Physical dependence, addiction, drug tolerance, placebos, jaded RN, family, bais experience
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| Goal of pallative care: | to learn how to live life fully with an incurable condition
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| Hospice | programs for end-of-life care
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| ANA | support aggresive treatment of pain and suffering
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| Evaluating the appropriateness of pain medication will require nurses to: | evaluate clients 15-30mins ager administration
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