PNF Stretching PDF (not all-inclusive)
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| show | Specialized sensory receptors located within joints, muscles, & tendons
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| What do proprioceptors do? | show 🗑
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| Processing of proprioceptive information | show 🗑
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| show | Receptor
Sensory neuron
Integration center
Motor neuron
Effector
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| What is the receptor? | show 🗑
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| What is a sensory neuron? | show 🗑
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| Simple reflex arc? | show 🗑
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| show | Multiple synapses with chains of interneurons- polysynaptic reflexes (withdrawal or crossed-extension)
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| Parts of a Muscle Spindle | show 🗑
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| show | Rate & degree of stretching
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| What does stretching do to the muscle spindle? | show 🗑
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| show | Reduces tension on the spindle & lowers the rate of action potential generation
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| show | Extrafulsal fibers are excited, causing the muscle to contract
This contraction attempts to prevent the muscle from stretching any further
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| Afferent Impulses | show 🗑
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| show | Inhibits action of the antagonist, which effectively prevents antagonist from resisting contraction. This is called reciprocal inhibition.
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| show | Tendons near the musculotendinous junction
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| show | Muscle stretch.
As muscle tension increases, impulses from the GTO increase.
Neural input from GTOs inhibits muscle activation
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| GTOs send afferent signals to CNS interneurons to perform 2 functions. What are they? | show 🗑
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| Overal, what happens because of the GTO reflex? | show 🗑
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| What is reciprocal inhibition? | show 🗑
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| What is autogenic inhibition? | show 🗑
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| What is disinhibition? | show 🗑
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| How does PNF compare to other types of stretching? | show 🗑
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| show | at least 4
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| show | 3-10 seconds
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| show | 65% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction
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| show | Range-limiting mm is lengthened to point of limitation;
Pt performs sub-max isometric contraction for 5-8" then relaxes;
Limb is passively moved into new range as the muscle is elongated
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| show | Same as hold-relax, except instead of an isometric contraction a strong, small range isotonic contraction of the restricting mm (5-8") is performed.
Rotation should be allowed during contract-relax.
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| show | Take advantage of autogenic inhibition from GTOs
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| show | Acute injury or if active ROM is painful;
If contraction of restricting mm is too painful/weak, can reverse the direction of contraction
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| Hold-Relax with Agonist Contraction | show 🗑
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| show | Autogenic & Recriprocal;
Agonist contraction may also be useful for initiating neuromuscular control in newly gained ROMs.
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