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Chapter 9-11

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Answer
show The study of changes, over the life span, in physiology, cognition, emotion, and social behavior.  
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synaptic pruning   show
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show Time periods when specific skills develop most easily.  
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show 2 monkeys = 1 soft w/o milk & 1 wired w/ milk Q: Which mother the infant monkeys prefer? Result: clung to the cloth mother most of the day (comfort) and only approached the wire one when they were hungry. Shows importance of physical touch & reassurance  
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show Hormone related to social behaviors, including infant/caregiver attachment. Plays role in maternal tendencies, feelings of social acceptance & bonding, & sexual gratification. Ex:infant sucking during nursing triggers release of oxytocin in mother  
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Jean Piaget   show
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show 1)Differentiates self from objects. 2)Recognizes self as agent of action & begins to act intentionally. Ex: shaking rattle to make noise. 3)Achieves object permanence.  
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show 1)Learns to use language & represent object by images and words. 2)Thinking egocentric; difficulty taking viewpoint of others. 3)Classifies objects by single feature. Ex: groups together all red blocks regardless of shape.  
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Stage 3: Concrete Operational (7-12yrs)   show
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Stage 4: Formal Operational (12yrs+)   show
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show The process by which we place new information/experience into an existing schema.  
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show Process by which we create a new schema/drastically alter an existing schema to include new information that otherwise would not fit into the schema.  
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show Understanding that an object continues to exist even when it cannot be seen.  
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show 1)cognitive limitation characteristic of the preoperational period. 2)refers to the tendency for pre operational thinkers to view the world through their own experiences. Ex: child plays hide&seek standing behind a large tree - believes others can't see  
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centration   show
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show 1)Born with it. 2)Contains a universal grammar. 3)hypothetical neurological structure in the brain allows all humans to come into the world prepared to learn any language.  
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gender identity   show
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gender roles   show
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gender schemas   show
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brain chemistry   show
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show Feelings that involve subj evaluation, physiological processes & cognitive beliefs. 1)subj: feelings that accompany an emotion. 2)physical changes: ex. increases in heart rate/skin temp & brain activation. 3)cogn: ppl's beliefs & understanding about feel.  
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show Bodily perception comes before the feeling of emotion. Ex: grizzly bear threatens you, you BEGIN to sweat, experience a pounding heart, and run. Ex: feel sorry b/c we cry, angry b/c we strike, afraid b/c we tremble  
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show Emotion and physical reaction happen together Ex: grizzly bear threatens you, you SIMULTANEOUSLY feel afraid, begin to sweat, experience a pounding heart, and run -info from an emotion-producing stimulus is processed in subcortical structures.  
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amygdala   show
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James Papez   show
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show Factors that energize, direct or sustain behavior.  
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show State of biological(eg.water) or social (eg.other ppl) deficiency.  
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show Maslow's arrangement of needs, in which basic survival needs (eg. hunger/thirst) must be met before people can satisfy higher needs(eg. achievement). physiological, safety, belonging & love, esteem, and self actualization.  
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Abraham Maslow   show
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self-actualization   show
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drive   show
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homeostasis   show
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extrinsic motivation   show
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show Motivation to perform an activity b/c of the value/pleasure associated w/ that activity, rather than for an apparent external goal/purpose.  
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hypothalamus   show
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ventromedial (VMH)   show
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show 1)Outer region of the hypothalamus. 2)if damaged, tend to eat far less than normal -leads to condition aphagia: weightloss/death  
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show Proposes that the bloodstream is monitored for its glucose levels (glucose = primary fuel for metabolism & crucial for neuronal activity). Ex: animals become hungry when they are deficient in glucose.  
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show Proposes a set-point for body fat. Ex: when animal loses body fat, hunger signals motivate eating & return to the set-point.  
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biopsychosocial model   show
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show Pattern of behavioral, psychological, and physiological responses to events that match/exceed an organism's ability to respond in a healthy way; 2types = eustress (positive) & distress(negative).  
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oxytocin   show
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immune system   show
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general adaptation syndrome   show
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show An emergency reaction that prepares the body to fight or flee; emergency response.  
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show The defenses prepare for a longer, sustained attack against the stressor; immunity to infection & disease increases somewhat as the body maximizes its defenses; defenses maximized.  
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show A variety of physiological & immune systems fail; body organs that were already weak before the stress are the first to fail; system fails.  
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show Studies the response of the body's immune system to psychological variables.  
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show A pattern of behavior characterized by competitiveness, achievement orientation, aggressiveness, hostility, restlessness, impatience with others, and inability to relax.  
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Type B behavior pattern   show
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anorexia nervosa   show
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bulimia nervosa   show
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