ch 15 science vocab
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| uniformitarianism | the principle that states that the same geologic processes shaping the earth today have been at work throughout earths history.
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| catastrophism | the idea tht all geologic change happens suddenly.
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| relative dating | the process of determining the order in which events happened; also used to compare ages of objects, such as rocks or fossils.
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| superposition | the principle that younger rocks lie above older rock unlessthe layers have been disturbed.
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| geologic column | an ideal sequence of rock layer that contains all known rock formations and fossils on earth arranged from oldest to youngest.
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| uncomformity | a surface that represents a missing part of the geologic column.
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| absolute dating | the process of dating by determining the number of years that the object has existed.
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| isotope | an atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element but different numbers of nuetrons.
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| radioactive dating | the process of analyzing the ratio of parent and daughter material in a sample to determine the samples absolute age.
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| half-life | the amount of time one-half of a radioactive sample takes to decay.
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| fossil | the remains or physical evidence of an organism preserved by geologic processes commonly preserved in sedimentary rock.
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| paleontologist | a scientist who studies fossils.
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| trace fossil | any naturally preserved evidence of animal activity.
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| mold | a mark or cavity made in a sedimentary surface by a shell or other body.
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| cast | a type of fossil that forms when sediments fill in the cavity left by a decomposed organism.
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| index fossil | a fossil that is used to establish the age of a rock layer because the fossil is distinct, abundant, and widespread and the species that formed that fossil existed for only a short span of geologic time.
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| geologic time scale | the standard method used to divide the earths long natural history into manageable parts.
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