Bio-Unit6-Protists & Energy
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| ATP | an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for the cell; composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups.
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| chemosynthesis | the process by which ATP is synthesized by using chemicals as an energy source instead of light
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| photosynthesis | the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen
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| chlorophyll | a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that give plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates.
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| thylakoid | a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis
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| light-dependent reactions | part of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from sunlight and transfers energy to the light-independent reactions
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| light-independent reactions | part of photosynthesis that uses energy absorbed during the light-dependent reactions to synthesize carbohydrates
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| Calvin cycle | a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP( also called the light-independent reactions)
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| cellular respiration | the process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide
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| aerobic | process that requires the presences of oxygen to occur
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| glycolysis | the anaerobic breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP
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| Krebs cycle | a series of biochemical reactions that convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; it is the major pathway of oxidation in animal, bacterial, and plant cells, and it releases energy
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| fermentation | the breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeast or mold in the absence of oxygen
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| lactic acid | product of fermentation in many types of cells, including human muscle cells
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| protist | an organism that belongs to the kingdom protista
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| protozoa | animal-like protist
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| cilia | short hairlike structures that cover some or all of the cell surface and help the organism swim and capture food
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| algae | plant like protist
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